libstdc++
basic_string.h
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1// Components for manipulating sequences of characters -*- C++ -*-
2
3// Copyright (C) 1997-2026 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
4//
5// This file is part of the GNU ISO C++ Library. This library is free
6// software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
7// terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
8// Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
9// any later version.
10
11// This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
12// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
13// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
14// GNU General Public License for more details.
15
16// Under Section 7 of GPL version 3, you are granted additional
17// permissions described in the GCC Runtime Library Exception, version
18// 3.1, as published by the Free Software Foundation.
19
20// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License and
21// a copy of the GCC Runtime Library Exception along with this program;
22// see the files COPYING3 and COPYING.RUNTIME respectively. If not, see
23// <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
24
25/** @file bits/basic_string.h
26 * This is an internal header file, included by other library headers.
27 * Do not attempt to use it directly. @headername{string}
28 */
29
30//
31// ISO C++ 14882: 21 Strings library
32//
33
34#ifndef _BASIC_STRING_H
35#define _BASIC_STRING_H 1
36
37#ifdef _GLIBCXX_SYSHDR
38#pragma GCC system_header
39#endif
40
41#include <ext/alloc_traits.h>
42#include <debug/debug.h>
43
44#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
45#include <initializer_list>
46#endif
47
48#include <bits/version.h>
49
50#ifdef __glibcxx_string_view // >= C++17
51# include <string_view>
52#endif
53
54#if __glibcxx_containers_ranges // C++ >= 23
55# include <bits/ranges_algobase.h> // ranges::copy
56# include <bits/ranges_util.h> // ranges::subrange
57#endif
58
59#if __glibcxx_to_string >= 202306L // C++ >= 26
60# include <charconv>
61#endif
62
63#if ! _GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI
64# include "cow_string.h"
65#else
66
67namespace std _GLIBCXX_VISIBILITY(default)
68{
69_GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
70_GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_CXX11
71
72 /**
73 * @class basic_string basic_string.h <string>
74 * @brief Managing sequences of characters and character-like objects.
75 *
76 * @ingroup strings
77 * @ingroup sequences
78 * @headerfile string
79 * @since C++98
80 *
81 * @tparam _CharT Type of character
82 * @tparam _Traits Traits for character type, defaults to
83 * char_traits<_CharT>.
84 * @tparam _Alloc Allocator type, defaults to allocator<_CharT>.
85 *
86 * Meets the requirements of a <a href="tables.html#65">container</a>, a
87 * <a href="tables.html#66">reversible container</a>, and a
88 * <a href="tables.html#67">sequence</a>. Of the
89 * <a href="tables.html#68">optional sequence requirements</a>, only
90 * @c push_back, @c at, and @c %array access are supported.
91 */
92 template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
93 class basic_string
94 {
95#if __cplusplus >= 202002L
96 static_assert(is_trivially_copyable_v<_CharT>
97 && is_trivially_default_constructible_v<_CharT>
98 && is_standard_layout_v<_CharT>);
99 static_assert(is_same_v<_CharT, typename _Traits::char_type>);
100 static_assert(is_same_v<_CharT, typename _Alloc::value_type>);
101 using _Char_alloc_type = _Alloc;
102#else
103 typedef typename __gnu_cxx::__alloc_traits<_Alloc>::template
104 rebind<_CharT>::other _Char_alloc_type;
105#endif
106
107 typedef __gnu_cxx::__alloc_traits<_Char_alloc_type> _Alloc_traits;
108
109 // Types:
110 public:
111 typedef _Traits traits_type;
112 typedef typename _Traits::char_type value_type;
113 typedef _Char_alloc_type allocator_type;
114 typedef typename _Alloc_traits::size_type size_type;
115 typedef typename _Alloc_traits::difference_type difference_type;
116 typedef typename _Alloc_traits::reference reference;
117 typedef typename _Alloc_traits::const_reference const_reference;
118 typedef typename _Alloc_traits::pointer pointer;
119 typedef typename _Alloc_traits::const_pointer const_pointer;
120 typedef __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<pointer, basic_string> iterator;
121 typedef __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<const_pointer, basic_string>
122 const_iterator;
123 typedef std::reverse_iterator<const_iterator> const_reverse_iterator;
124 typedef std::reverse_iterator<iterator> reverse_iterator;
125
126 /// Value returned by various member functions when they fail.
127 static const size_type npos = static_cast<size_type>(-1);
128
129 protected:
130 // type used for positions in insert, erase etc.
131#if __cplusplus < 201103L
132 typedef iterator __const_iterator;
133#else
134 typedef const_iterator __const_iterator;
135#endif
136
137 private:
138 static _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR pointer
139 _S_allocate(_Char_alloc_type& __a, size_type __n)
140 {
141 pointer __p = _Alloc_traits::allocate(__a, __n);
142#if __glibcxx_constexpr_string >= 201907L
143 // std::char_traits begins the lifetime of characters,
144 // but custom traits might not, so do it here.
145 if constexpr (!is_same_v<_Traits, char_traits<_CharT>>)
146 if (std::__is_constant_evaluated())
147 // Begin the lifetime of characters in allocated storage.
148 for (size_type __i = 0; __i < __n; ++__i)
149 std::construct_at(__builtin_addressof(__p[__i]));
150#endif
151 return __p;
152 }
153
154#ifdef __glibcxx_string_view // >= C++17
155 // A helper type for avoiding boiler-plate.
156 typedef basic_string_view<_CharT, _Traits> __sv_type;
157
158 template<typename _Tp, typename _Res>
159 using _If_sv = enable_if_t<
160 __and_<is_convertible<const _Tp&, __sv_type>,
161 __not_<is_convertible<const _Tp*, const basic_string*>>,
162 __not_<is_convertible<const _Tp&, const _CharT*>>>::value,
163 _Res>;
164
165 // Allows an implicit conversion to __sv_type.
166 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
167 static __sv_type
168 _S_to_string_view(__sv_type __svt) noexcept
169 { return __svt; }
170
171 // Wraps a string_view by explicit conversion and thus
172 // allows to add an internal constructor that does not
173 // participate in overload resolution when a string_view
174 // is provided.
175 struct __sv_wrapper
176 {
177 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR explicit
178 __sv_wrapper(__sv_type __sv) noexcept : _M_sv(__sv) { }
179
180 __sv_type _M_sv;
181 };
182
183 /**
184 * @brief Only internally used: Construct string from a string view
185 * wrapper.
186 * @param __svw string view wrapper.
187 * @param __a Allocator to use.
188 */
189 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
190 explicit
191 basic_string(__sv_wrapper __svw, const _Alloc& __a)
192 : basic_string(__svw._M_sv.data(), __svw._M_sv.size(), __a) { }
193#endif
194
195 // Use empty-base optimization: http://www.cantrip.org/emptyopt.html
196 struct _Alloc_hider : allocator_type // TODO check __is_final
197 {
198#if __cplusplus < 201103L
199 _Alloc_hider(pointer __dat, const _Alloc& __a = _Alloc())
200 : allocator_type(__a), _M_p(__dat) { }
201#else
202 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
203 _Alloc_hider(pointer __dat, const _Alloc& __a)
204 : allocator_type(__a), _M_p(__dat) { }
205
206 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
207 _Alloc_hider(pointer __dat, _Alloc&& __a = _Alloc())
208 : allocator_type(std::move(__a)), _M_p(__dat) { }
209#endif
210
211 pointer _M_p; // The actual data.
212 };
213
214 _Alloc_hider _M_dataplus;
215 size_type _M_string_length;
216
217 enum { _S_local_capacity = 15 / sizeof(_CharT) };
218
219 union
220 {
221 _CharT _M_local_buf[_S_local_capacity + 1];
222 size_type _M_allocated_capacity;
223 };
224
225 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
226 void
227 _M_data(pointer __p)
228 { _M_dataplus._M_p = __p; }
229
230 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
231 void
232 _M_length(size_type __length)
233 { _M_string_length = __length; }
234
235 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
236 pointer
237 _M_data() const
238 { return _M_dataplus._M_p; }
239
240 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
241 pointer
242 _M_local_data()
243 {
244#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
245 return std::pointer_traits<pointer>::pointer_to(*_M_local_buf);
246#else
247 return pointer(_M_local_buf);
248#endif
249 }
250
251 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
252 const_pointer
253 _M_local_data() const
254 {
255#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
256 return std::pointer_traits<const_pointer>::pointer_to(*_M_local_buf);
257#else
258 return const_pointer(_M_local_buf);
259#endif
260 }
261
262 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
263 void
264 _M_capacity(size_type __capacity)
265 { _M_allocated_capacity = __capacity; }
266
267 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
268 void
269 _M_set_length(size_type __n)
270 {
271 traits_type::assign(_M_data()[__n], _CharT());
272 _M_length(__n);
273 }
274
275 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
276 bool
277 _M_is_local() const
278 {
279 if (_M_data() == _M_local_data())
280 {
281 if (_M_string_length > _S_local_capacity)
282 __builtin_unreachable();
283 return true;
284 }
285 return false;
286 }
287
288 // Create & Destroy
289 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
290 pointer
291 _M_create(size_type&, size_type);
292
293 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
294 void
295 _M_dispose()
296 {
297 if (!_M_is_local())
298 _M_destroy(_M_allocated_capacity);
299 }
300
301 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
302 void
303 _M_destroy(size_type __size) throw()
304 { _Alloc_traits::deallocate(_M_get_allocator(), _M_data(), __size + 1); }
305
306#if __cplusplus < 201103L || defined _GLIBCXX_DEFINING_STRING_INSTANTIATIONS
307 // _M_construct_aux is used to implement the 21.3.1 para 15 which
308 // requires special behaviour if _InIterator is an integral type
309 template<typename _InIterator>
310 void
311 _M_construct_aux(_InIterator __beg, _InIterator __end,
312 std::__false_type)
313 {
314 typedef typename iterator_traits<_InIterator>::iterator_category _Tag;
315 _M_construct(__beg, __end, _Tag());
316 }
317
318 // _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
319 // 438. Ambiguity in the "do the right thing" clause
320 template<typename _Integer>
321 void
322 _M_construct_aux(_Integer __beg, _Integer __end, std::__true_type)
323 { _M_construct_aux_2(static_cast<size_type>(__beg), __end); }
324
325 void
326 _M_construct_aux_2(size_type __req, _CharT __c)
327 { _M_construct(__req, __c); }
328#endif
329
330 // For Input Iterators, used in istreambuf_iterators, etc.
331 template<typename _InIterator>
332 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
333 void
334 _M_construct(_InIterator __beg, _InIterator __end,
335 std::input_iterator_tag);
336
337 // For forward_iterators up to random_access_iterators, used for
338 // string::iterator, _CharT*, etc.
339 template<typename _FwdIterator>
340 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
341 void
342 _M_construct(_FwdIterator __beg, _FwdIterator __end,
343 std::forward_iterator_tag);
344
345 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
346 void
347 _M_construct(size_type __req, _CharT __c);
348
349 // Construct using block of memory of known size.
350 // If _Terminated is true assume that source is already 0 terminated.
351 template<bool _Terminated>
352 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
353 void
354 _M_construct(const _CharT *__c, size_type __n);
355
356#if __cplusplus >= 202302L
357 constexpr void
358 _M_construct(basic_string&& __str, size_type __pos, size_type __n);
359#endif
360
361 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
362 allocator_type&
363 _M_get_allocator()
364 { return _M_dataplus; }
365
366 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
367 const allocator_type&
368 _M_get_allocator() const
369 { return _M_dataplus; }
370
371 // Ensure that _M_local_buf is the active member of the union.
372 __attribute__((__always_inline__))
373 _GLIBCXX14_CONSTEXPR
374 void
375 _M_init_local_buf() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
376 {
377#if __glibcxx_is_constant_evaluated
378 if (std::is_constant_evaluated())
379 for (size_type __i = 0; __i <= _S_local_capacity; ++__i)
380 _M_local_buf[__i] = _CharT();
381#endif
382 }
383
384 __attribute__((__always_inline__))
385 _GLIBCXX14_CONSTEXPR
386 pointer
387 _M_use_local_data() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
388 {
389#if __cpp_lib_is_constant_evaluated
390 _M_init_local_buf();
391#endif
392 return _M_local_data();
393 }
394
395 private:
396
397#ifdef _GLIBCXX_DISAMBIGUATE_REPLACE_INST
398 // The explicit instantiations in misc-inst.cc require this due to
399 // https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64063
400 template<typename _Tp, bool _Requires =
401 !__are_same<_Tp, _CharT*>::__value
402 && !__are_same<_Tp, const _CharT*>::__value
403 && !__are_same<_Tp, iterator>::__value
404 && !__are_same<_Tp, const_iterator>::__value>
405 struct __enable_if_not_native_iterator
406 { typedef basic_string& __type; };
407 template<typename _Tp>
408 struct __enable_if_not_native_iterator<_Tp, false> { };
409#endif
410
411 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
412 size_type
413 _M_check(size_type __pos, const char* __s) const
414 {
415 if (__pos > this->size())
416 __throw_out_of_range_fmt(__N("%s: __pos (which is %zu) > "
417 "this->size() (which is %zu)"),
418 __s, (size_t)__pos, (size_t)this->size());
419 return __pos;
420 }
421
422 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
423 void
424 _M_check_length(size_type __n1, size_type __n2, const char* __s) const
425 {
426 if (this->max_size() - (this->size() - __n1) < __n2)
427 __throw_length_error(__N(__s));
428 }
429
430
431 // NB: _M_limit doesn't check for a bad __pos value.
432 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
433 size_type
434 _M_limit(size_type __pos, size_type __off) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
435 {
436 const bool __testoff = __off < this->size() - __pos;
437 return __testoff ? __off : this->size() - __pos;
438 }
439
440 // True if _Rep and source do not overlap.
441 bool
442 _M_disjunct(const _CharT* __s) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
443 {
444 return (less<const _CharT*>()(__s, _M_data())
445 || less<const _CharT*>()(_M_data() + this->size(), __s));
446 }
447
448 // When __n = 1 way faster than the general multichar
449 // traits_type::copy/move/assign.
450 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
451 static void
452 _S_copy(_CharT* __d, const _CharT* __s, size_type __n)
453 {
454 if (__n == 1)
455 traits_type::assign(*__d, *__s);
456 else
457 traits_type::copy(__d, __s, __n);
458 }
459
460 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
461 static void
462 _S_move(_CharT* __d, const _CharT* __s, size_type __n)
463 {
464 if (__n == 1)
465 traits_type::assign(*__d, *__s);
466 else
467 traits_type::move(__d, __s, __n);
468 }
469
470 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
471 static void
472 _S_assign(_CharT* __d, size_type __n, _CharT __c)
473 {
474 if (__n == 1)
475 traits_type::assign(*__d, __c);
476 else
477 traits_type::assign(__d, __n, __c);
478 }
479
480#pragma GCC diagnostic push
481#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wc++17-extensions"
482 // _S_copy_chars is a separate template to permit specialization
483 // to optimize for the common case of pointers as iterators.
484 template<class _Iterator>
485 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
486 static void
487 _S_copy_chars(_CharT* __p, _Iterator __k1, _Iterator __k2)
488 {
489#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
490 using _IterBase = decltype(std::__niter_base(__k1));
491 if constexpr (__or_<is_same<_IterBase, _CharT*>,
492 is_same<_IterBase, const _CharT*>>::value)
493 _S_copy(__p, std::__niter_base(__k1), __k2 - __k1);
494#if __cpp_lib_concepts
495 else if constexpr (requires {
496 requires contiguous_iterator<_Iterator>;
497 { std::to_address(__k1) }
498 -> convertible_to<const _CharT*>;
499 })
500 {
501 const auto __d = __k2 - __k1;
502 (void) (__k1 + __d); // See P3349R1
503 _S_copy(__p, std::to_address(__k1), static_cast<size_type>(__d));
504 }
505#endif
506 else
507#endif
508 for (; __k1 != __k2; ++__k1, (void)++__p)
509 traits_type::assign(*__p, static_cast<_CharT>(*__k1));
510 }
511#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
512
513#if __cplusplus < 201103L || defined _GLIBCXX_DEFINING_STRING_INSTANTIATIONS
514 static void
515 _S_copy_chars(_CharT* __p, iterator __k1, iterator __k2)
516 { _S_copy_chars(__p, __k1.base(), __k2.base()); }
517
518 static void
519 _S_copy_chars(_CharT* __p, const_iterator __k1, const_iterator __k2)
520 { _S_copy_chars(__p, __k1.base(), __k2.base()); }
521
522 static void
523 _S_copy_chars(_CharT* __p, _CharT* __k1, _CharT* __k2)
524 { _S_copy(__p, __k1, __k2 - __k1); }
525
526 static void
527 _S_copy_chars(_CharT* __p, const _CharT* __k1, const _CharT* __k2)
528 { _S_copy(__p, __k1, __k2 - __k1); }
529#endif
530
531#if __glibcxx_containers_ranges // C++ >= 23
532 // pre: __n == ranges::distance(__rg). __p+[0,__n) is a valid range.
533 template<typename _Rg>
534 static constexpr void
535 _S_copy_range(pointer __p, _Rg&& __rg, size_type __n)
536 {
537 if constexpr (requires {
538 requires ranges::contiguous_range<_Rg>;
539 { ranges::data(std::forward<_Rg>(__rg)) }
540 -> convertible_to<const _CharT*>;
541 })
542 _S_copy(__p, ranges::data(std::forward<_Rg>(__rg)), __n);
543 else
544 {
545 auto __first = ranges::begin(__rg);
546 const auto __last = ranges::end(__rg);
547 for (; __first != __last; ++__first)
548 traits_type::assign(*__p++, static_cast<_CharT>(*__first));
549 }
550 }
551#endif
552
553 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
554 static int
555 _S_compare(size_type __n1, size_type __n2) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
556 {
557 const difference_type __d = difference_type(__n1 - __n2);
558
559 if (__d > __gnu_cxx::__numeric_traits<int>::__max)
560 return __gnu_cxx::__numeric_traits<int>::__max;
561 else if (__d < __gnu_cxx::__numeric_traits<int>::__min)
562 return __gnu_cxx::__numeric_traits<int>::__min;
563 else
564 return int(__d);
565 }
566
567 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
568 void
569 _M_assign(const basic_string&);
570
571 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
572 void
573 _M_mutate(size_type __pos, size_type __len1, const _CharT* __s,
574 size_type __len2);
575
576 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
577 void
578 _M_erase(size_type __pos, size_type __n);
579
580 public:
581 // Construct/copy/destroy:
582 // NB: We overload ctors in some cases instead of using default
583 // arguments, per 17.4.4.4 para. 2 item 2.
584
585 /**
586 * @brief Default constructor creates an empty string.
587 */
588 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
589 basic_string()
590 _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT_IF(is_nothrow_default_constructible<_Alloc>::value)
591#if __cpp_concepts && __glibcxx_type_trait_variable_templates
592 requires is_default_constructible_v<_Alloc>
593#endif
594 : _M_dataplus(_M_local_data())
595 {
596 _M_init_local_buf();
597 _M_set_length(0);
598 }
599
600 /**
601 * @brief Construct an empty string using allocator @a a.
602 */
603 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
604 explicit
605 basic_string(const _Alloc& __a) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
606 : _M_dataplus(_M_local_data(), __a)
607 {
608 _M_init_local_buf();
609 _M_set_length(0);
610 }
611
612 /**
613 * @brief Construct string with copy of value of @a __str.
614 * @param __str Source string.
615 */
616 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
617 basic_string(const basic_string& __str)
618 : _M_dataplus(_M_local_data(),
619 _Alloc_traits::_S_select_on_copy(__str._M_get_allocator()))
620 {
621 _M_construct<true>(__str._M_data(), __str.length());
622 }
623
624 // _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
625 // 2583. no way to supply an allocator for basic_string(str, pos)
626 /**
627 * @brief Construct string as copy of a substring.
628 * @param __str Source string.
629 * @param __pos Index of first character to copy from.
630 * @param __a Allocator to use.
631 */
632 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
633 basic_string(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos,
634 const _Alloc& __a = _Alloc())
635 : _M_dataplus(_M_local_data(), __a)
636 {
637 const _CharT* __start = __str._M_data()
638 + __str._M_check(__pos, "basic_string::basic_string");
639 _M_construct(__start, __start + __str._M_limit(__pos, npos),
640 std::forward_iterator_tag());
641 }
642
643 /**
644 * @brief Construct string as copy of a substring.
645 * @param __str Source string.
646 * @param __pos Index of first character to copy from.
647 * @param __n Number of characters to copy.
648 */
649 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
650 basic_string(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos,
651 size_type __n)
652 : _M_dataplus(_M_local_data())
653 {
654 const _CharT* __start = __str._M_data()
655 + __str._M_check(__pos, "basic_string::basic_string");
656 _M_construct(__start, __start + __str._M_limit(__pos, __n),
657 std::forward_iterator_tag());
658 }
659
660 /**
661 * @brief Construct string as copy of a substring.
662 * @param __str Source string.
663 * @param __pos Index of first character to copy from.
664 * @param __n Number of characters to copy.
665 * @param __a Allocator to use.
666 */
667 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
668 basic_string(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos,
669 size_type __n, const _Alloc& __a)
670 : _M_dataplus(_M_local_data(), __a)
671 {
672 const _CharT* __start
673 = __str._M_data() + __str._M_check(__pos, "string::string");
674 _M_construct(__start, __start + __str._M_limit(__pos, __n),
675 std::forward_iterator_tag());
676 }
677
678#if __cplusplus >= 202302L
679 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
680 basic_string(basic_string&& __str, size_type __pos,
681 const _Alloc& __a = _Alloc())
682 : _M_dataplus(_M_local_data(), __a)
683 {
684 __pos = __str._M_check(__pos, "string::string");
685 _M_construct(std::move(__str), __pos, __str.length() - __pos);
686 }
687
688 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
689 basic_string(basic_string&& __str, size_type __pos, size_type __n,
690 const _Alloc& __a = _Alloc())
691 : _M_dataplus(_M_local_data(), __a)
692 {
693 __pos = __str._M_check(__pos, "string::string");
694 _M_construct(std::move(__str), __pos, __str._M_limit(__pos, __n));
695 }
696#endif // C++23
697
698 /**
699 * @brief Construct string initialized by a character %array.
700 * @param __s Source character %array.
701 * @param __n Number of characters to copy.
702 * @param __a Allocator to use (default is default allocator).
703 *
704 * NB: @a __s must have at least @a __n characters, &apos;\\0&apos;
705 * has no special meaning.
706 */
707 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
708 basic_string(const _CharT* __s, size_type __n,
709 const _Alloc& __a = _Alloc())
710 : _M_dataplus(_M_local_data(), __a)
711 {
712 // NB: Not required, but considered best practice.
713 if (__s == 0 && __n > 0)
714 std::__throw_logic_error(__N("basic_string: "
715 "construction from null is not valid"));
716 _M_construct(__s, __s + __n, std::forward_iterator_tag());
717 }
718
719 /**
720 * @brief Construct string as copy of a C string.
721 * @param __s Source C string.
722 * @param __a Allocator to use (default is default allocator).
723 */
724#if __cpp_deduction_guides && ! defined _GLIBCXX_DEFINING_STRING_INSTANTIATIONS
725 // _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
726 // 3076. basic_string CTAD ambiguity
727 template<typename = _RequireAllocator<_Alloc>>
728#endif
729 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
730 basic_string(const _CharT* __s, const _Alloc& __a = _Alloc())
731 : _M_dataplus(_M_local_data(), __a)
732 {
733 // NB: Not required, but considered best practice.
734 if (__s == 0)
735 std::__throw_logic_error(__N("basic_string: "
736 "construction from null is not valid"));
737 const _CharT* __end = __s + traits_type::length(__s);
738 _M_construct(__s, __end, forward_iterator_tag());
739 }
740
741 /**
742 * @brief Construct string as multiple characters.
743 * @param __n Number of characters.
744 * @param __c Character to use.
745 * @param __a Allocator to use (default is default allocator).
746 */
747#if __cpp_deduction_guides && ! defined _GLIBCXX_DEFINING_STRING_INSTANTIATIONS
748 // _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
749 // 3076. basic_string CTAD ambiguity
750 template<typename = _RequireAllocator<_Alloc>>
751#endif
752 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
753 basic_string(size_type __n, _CharT __c, const _Alloc& __a = _Alloc())
754 : _M_dataplus(_M_local_data(), __a)
755 { _M_construct(__n, __c); }
756
757#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
758 /**
759 * @brief Move construct string.
760 * @param __str Source string.
761 *
762 * The newly-created string contains the exact contents of @a __str.
763 * @a __str is a valid, but unspecified string.
764 */
765 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
766 basic_string(basic_string&& __str) noexcept
767 : _M_dataplus(_M_local_data(), std::move(__str._M_get_allocator()))
768 {
769 if (__str._M_is_local())
770 {
771 _M_init_local_buf();
772 traits_type::copy(_M_local_buf, __str._M_local_buf,
773 __str.length() + 1);
774 }
775 else
776 {
777 _M_data(__str._M_data());
778 _M_capacity(__str._M_allocated_capacity);
779 }
780
781 // Must use _M_length() here not _M_set_length() because
782 // basic_stringbuf relies on writing into unallocated capacity so
783 // we mess up the contents if we put a '\0' in the string.
784 _M_length(__str.length());
785 __str._M_data(__str._M_use_local_data());
786 __str._M_set_length(0);
787 }
788
789#if __glibcxx_containers_ranges // C++ >= 23
790 /**
791 * @brief Construct a string from a range.
792 * @since C++23
793 */
794 template<__detail::__container_compatible_range<_CharT> _Rg>
795 constexpr
796 basic_string(from_range_t, _Rg&& __rg, const _Alloc& __a = _Alloc())
797 : basic_string(__a)
798 {
799 if constexpr (ranges::forward_range<_Rg> || ranges::sized_range<_Rg>)
800 {
801 const auto __n = static_cast<size_type>(ranges::distance(__rg));
802 reserve(__n);
803 _S_copy_range(_M_data(), std::forward<_Rg>(__rg), __n);
804 _M_set_length(__n);
805 }
806 else
807 {
808 auto __first = ranges::begin(__rg);
809 const auto __last = ranges::end(__rg);
810 for (; __first != __last; ++__first)
811 push_back(*__first);
812 }
813 }
814#endif
815
816 /**
817 * @brief Construct string from an initializer %list.
818 * @param __l std::initializer_list of characters.
819 * @param __a Allocator to use (default is default allocator).
820 */
821 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
822 basic_string(initializer_list<_CharT> __l, const _Alloc& __a = _Alloc())
823 : _M_dataplus(_M_local_data(), __a)
824 { _M_construct(__l.begin(), __l.end(), std::forward_iterator_tag()); }
825
826 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
827 basic_string(const basic_string& __str, const _Alloc& __a)
828 : _M_dataplus(_M_local_data(), __a)
829 { _M_construct(__str.begin(), __str.end(), std::forward_iterator_tag()); }
830
831 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
832 basic_string(basic_string&& __str, const _Alloc& __a)
833 noexcept(_Alloc_traits::_S_always_equal())
834 : _M_dataplus(_M_local_data(), __a)
835 {
836 if (__str._M_is_local())
837 {
838 _M_init_local_buf();
839 traits_type::copy(_M_local_buf, __str._M_local_buf,
840 __str.length() + 1);
841 _M_length(__str.length());
842 __str._M_set_length(0);
843 }
844 else if (_Alloc_traits::_S_always_equal()
845 || __str.get_allocator() == __a)
846 {
847 _M_data(__str._M_data());
848 _M_length(__str.length());
849 _M_capacity(__str._M_allocated_capacity);
850 __str._M_data(__str._M_use_local_data());
851 __str._M_set_length(0);
852 }
853 else
854 _M_construct(__str.begin(), __str.end(), std::forward_iterator_tag());
855 }
856#endif // C++11
857
858#if __cplusplus >= 202100L
859 basic_string(nullptr_t) = delete;
860 basic_string& operator=(nullptr_t) = delete;
861#endif // C++23
862
863 /**
864 * @brief Construct string as copy of a range.
865 * @param __beg Start of range.
866 * @param __end End of range.
867 * @param __a Allocator to use (default is default allocator).
868 */
869#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
870 template<typename _InputIterator,
871 typename = std::_RequireInputIter<_InputIterator>>
872#else
873 template<typename _InputIterator>
874#endif
875 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
876 basic_string(_InputIterator __beg, _InputIterator __end,
877 const _Alloc& __a = _Alloc())
878 : _M_dataplus(_M_local_data(), __a), _M_string_length(0)
879 {
880#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
881 _M_construct(__beg, __end, std::__iterator_category(__beg));
882#else
883 typedef typename std::__is_integer<_InputIterator>::__type _Integral;
884 _M_construct_aux(__beg, __end, _Integral());
885#endif
886 }
887
888#ifdef __glibcxx_string_view // >= C++17
889 /**
890 * @brief Construct string from a substring of a string_view.
891 * @param __t Source object convertible to string view.
892 * @param __pos The index of the first character to copy from __t.
893 * @param __n The number of characters to copy from __t.
894 * @param __a Allocator to use.
895 */
896 template<typename _Tp,
897 typename = enable_if_t<is_convertible_v<const _Tp&, __sv_type>>>
898 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
899 basic_string(const _Tp& __t, size_type __pos, size_type __n,
900 const _Alloc& __a = _Alloc())
901 : basic_string(_S_to_string_view(__t).substr(__pos, __n), __a) { }
902
903 /**
904 * @brief Construct string from a string_view.
905 * @param __t Source object convertible to string view.
906 * @param __a Allocator to use (default is default allocator).
907 */
908 template<typename _Tp, typename = _If_sv<_Tp, void>>
909 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
910 explicit
911 basic_string(const _Tp& __t, const _Alloc& __a = _Alloc())
912 : basic_string(__sv_wrapper(_S_to_string_view(__t)), __a) { }
913#endif // C++17
914
915 /**
916 * @brief Destroy the string instance.
917 */
918 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
919 ~basic_string()
920 { _M_dispose(); }
921
922 /**
923 * @brief Assign the value of @a str to this string.
924 * @param __str Source string.
925 */
926 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
927 basic_string&
928 operator=(const basic_string& __str)
929 {
930 return this->assign(__str);
931 }
932
933 /**
934 * @brief Copy contents of @a s into this string.
935 * @param __s Source null-terminated string.
936 */
937 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
938 basic_string&
939 operator=(const _CharT* __s)
940 { return this->assign(__s); }
941
942 /**
943 * @brief Set value to string of length 1.
944 * @param __c Source character.
945 *
946 * Assigning to a character makes this string length 1 and
947 * (*this)[0] == @a c.
948 */
949 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
950 basic_string&
951 operator=(_CharT __c)
952 {
953 this->assign(1, __c);
954 return *this;
955 }
956
957#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
958 /**
959 * @brief Move assign the value of @a str to this string.
960 * @param __str Source string.
961 *
962 * The contents of @a str are moved into this string (without copying).
963 * @a str is a valid, but unspecified string.
964 */
965 // _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
966 // 2063. Contradictory requirements for string move assignment
967 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
968 basic_string&
969 operator=(basic_string&& __str)
970 noexcept(_Alloc_traits::_S_nothrow_move())
971 {
972 const bool __equal_allocs = _Alloc_traits::_S_always_equal()
973 || _M_get_allocator() == __str._M_get_allocator();
974 if (!_M_is_local() && _Alloc_traits::_S_propagate_on_move_assign()
975 && !__equal_allocs)
976 {
977 // Destroy existing storage before replacing allocator.
978 _M_destroy(_M_allocated_capacity);
979 _M_data(_M_local_data());
980 _M_set_length(0);
981 }
982 // Replace allocator if POCMA is true.
983 std::__alloc_on_move(_M_get_allocator(), __str._M_get_allocator());
984
985 if (__str._M_is_local())
986 {
987 // We've always got room for a short string, just copy it
988 // (unless this is a self-move, because that would violate the
989 // char_traits::copy precondition that the ranges don't overlap).
990 if (__builtin_expect(std::__addressof(__str) != this, true))
991 {
992 if (__str.size())
993 this->_S_copy(_M_data(), __str._M_data(), __str.size());
994 _M_set_length(__str.size());
995 }
996 }
997 else if (_Alloc_traits::_S_propagate_on_move_assign() || __equal_allocs)
998 {
999 // Just move the allocated pointer, our allocator can free it.
1000 pointer __data = nullptr;
1001 size_type __capacity;
1002 if (!_M_is_local())
1003 {
1004 if (__equal_allocs)
1005 {
1006 // __str can reuse our existing storage.
1007 __data = _M_data();
1008 __capacity = _M_allocated_capacity;
1009 }
1010 else // __str can't use it, so free it.
1011 _M_destroy(_M_allocated_capacity);
1012 }
1013
1014 _M_data(__str._M_data());
1015 _M_length(__str.length());
1016 _M_capacity(__str._M_allocated_capacity);
1017 if (__data)
1018 {
1019 __str._M_data(__data);
1020 __str._M_capacity(__capacity);
1021 }
1022 else
1023 __str._M_data(__str._M_use_local_data());
1024 }
1025 else // Need to do a deep copy
1026 _M_assign(__str);
1027 __str.clear();
1028 return *this;
1029 }
1030
1031 /**
1032 * @brief Set value to string constructed from initializer %list.
1033 * @param __l std::initializer_list.
1034 */
1035 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
1036 basic_string&
1037 operator=(initializer_list<_CharT> __l)
1038 {
1039 this->assign(__l.begin(), __l.size());
1040 return *this;
1041 }
1042#endif // C++11
1043
1044#ifdef __glibcxx_string_view // >= C++17
1045 /**
1046 * @brief Set value to string constructed from a string_view.
1047 * @param __svt An object convertible to string_view.
1048 */
1049 template<typename _Tp>
1050 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
1051 _If_sv<_Tp, basic_string&>
1052 operator=(const _Tp& __svt)
1053 { return this->assign(__svt); }
1054
1055 /**
1056 * @brief Convert to a string_view.
1057 * @return A string_view.
1058 */
1059 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
1060 operator __sv_type() const noexcept
1061 { return __sv_type(data(), size()); }
1062#endif // C++17
1063
1064 // Iterators:
1065 /**
1066 * Returns a read/write iterator that points to the first character in
1067 * the %string.
1068 */
1069 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
1070 iterator
1071 begin() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
1072 { return iterator(_M_data()); }
1073
1074 /**
1075 * Returns a read-only (constant) iterator that points to the first
1076 * character in the %string.
1077 */
1078 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
1079 const_iterator
1080 begin() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
1081 { return const_iterator(_M_data()); }
1082
1083 /**
1084 * Returns a read/write iterator that points one past the last
1085 * character in the %string.
1086 */
1087 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
1088 iterator
1089 end() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
1090 { return iterator(_M_data() + this->size()); }
1091
1092 /**
1093 * Returns a read-only (constant) iterator that points one past the
1094 * last character in the %string.
1095 */
1096 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
1097 const_iterator
1098 end() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
1099 { return const_iterator(_M_data() + this->size()); }
1100
1101 /**
1102 * Returns a read/write reverse iterator that points to the last
1103 * character in the %string. Iteration is done in reverse element
1104 * order.
1105 */
1106 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
1107 reverse_iterator
1108 rbegin() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
1109 { return reverse_iterator(this->end()); }
1110
1111 /**
1112 * Returns a read-only (constant) reverse iterator that points
1113 * to the last character in the %string. Iteration is done in
1114 * reverse element order.
1115 */
1116 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
1117 const_reverse_iterator
1118 rbegin() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
1119 { return const_reverse_iterator(this->end()); }
1120
1121 /**
1122 * Returns a read/write reverse iterator that points to one before the
1123 * first character in the %string. Iteration is done in reverse
1124 * element order.
1125 */
1126 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
1127 reverse_iterator
1128 rend() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
1129 { return reverse_iterator(this->begin()); }
1130
1131 /**
1132 * Returns a read-only (constant) reverse iterator that points
1133 * to one before the first character in the %string. Iteration
1134 * is done in reverse element order.
1135 */
1136 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
1137 const_reverse_iterator
1138 rend() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
1139 { return const_reverse_iterator(this->begin()); }
1140
1141#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
1142 /**
1143 * Returns a read-only (constant) iterator that points to the first
1144 * character in the %string.
1145 */
1146 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
1147 const_iterator
1148 cbegin() const noexcept
1149 { return const_iterator(this->_M_data()); }
1150
1151 /**
1152 * Returns a read-only (constant) iterator that points one past the
1153 * last character in the %string.
1154 */
1155 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
1156 const_iterator
1157 cend() const noexcept
1158 { return const_iterator(this->_M_data() + this->size()); }
1159
1160 /**
1161 * Returns a read-only (constant) reverse iterator that points
1162 * to the last character in the %string. Iteration is done in
1163 * reverse element order.
1164 */
1165 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
1166 const_reverse_iterator
1167 crbegin() const noexcept
1168 { return const_reverse_iterator(this->end()); }
1169
1170 /**
1171 * Returns a read-only (constant) reverse iterator that points
1172 * to one before the first character in the %string. Iteration
1173 * is done in reverse element order.
1174 */
1175 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
1176 const_reverse_iterator
1177 crend() const noexcept
1178 { return const_reverse_iterator(this->begin()); }
1179#endif
1180
1181 public:
1182 // Capacity:
1183 /// Returns the number of characters in the string, not including any
1184 /// null-termination.
1185 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
1186 size_type
1187 size() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
1188 {
1189 size_type __sz = _M_string_length;
1190 if (__sz > max_size ())
1191 __builtin_unreachable();
1192 return __sz;
1193 }
1194
1195 /// Returns the number of characters in the string, not including any
1196 /// null-termination.
1197 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
1198 size_type
1199 length() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
1200 { return size(); }
1201
1202 /// Returns the size() of the largest possible %string.
1203 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
1204 size_type
1205 max_size() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
1206 {
1207 const size_t __diffmax
1208 = __gnu_cxx::__numeric_traits<ptrdiff_t>::__max / sizeof(_CharT);
1209 const size_t __allocmax = _Alloc_traits::max_size(_M_get_allocator());
1210 return (std::min)(__diffmax, __allocmax) - 1;
1211 }
1212
1213 /**
1214 * @brief Resizes the %string to the specified number of characters.
1215 * @param __n Number of characters the %string should contain.
1216 * @param __c Character to fill any new elements.
1217 *
1218 * This function will %resize the %string to the specified
1219 * number of characters. If the number is smaller than the
1220 * %string's current size the %string is truncated, otherwise
1221 * the %string is extended and new elements are %set to @a __c.
1222 */
1223 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
1224 void
1225 resize(size_type __n, _CharT __c);
1226
1227 /**
1228 * @brief Resizes the %string to the specified number of characters.
1229 * @param __n Number of characters the %string should contain.
1230 *
1231 * This function will resize the %string to the specified length. If
1232 * the new size is smaller than the %string's current size the %string
1233 * is truncated, otherwise the %string is extended and new characters
1234 * are default-constructed. For basic types such as char, this means
1235 * setting them to 0.
1236 */
1237 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
1238 void
1239 resize(size_type __n)
1240 { this->resize(__n, _CharT()); }
1241
1242#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
1243#pragma GCC diagnostic push
1244#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-declarations"
1245 /// A non-binding request to reduce capacity() to size().
1246 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
1247 void
1248 shrink_to_fit() noexcept
1249 { reserve(); }
1250#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
1251#endif
1252
1253#ifdef __glibcxx_string_resize_and_overwrite // C++ >= 23
1254 /** Resize the string and call a function to fill it.
1255 *
1256 * @param __n The maximum size requested.
1257 * @param __op A callable object that writes characters to the string.
1258 *
1259 * This is a low-level function that is easy to misuse, be careful.
1260 *
1261 * Calling `str.resize_and_overwrite(n, op)` will reserve at least `n`
1262 * characters in `str`, evaluate `n2 = std::move(op)(str.data(), n)`,
1263 * and finally set the string length to `n2` (adding a null terminator
1264 * at the end). The function object `op` is allowed to write to the
1265 * extra capacity added by the initial reserve operation, which is not
1266 * allowed if you just call `str.reserve(n)` yourself.
1267 *
1268 * This can be used to efficiently fill a `string` buffer without the
1269 * overhead of zero-initializing characters that will be overwritten
1270 * anyway.
1271 *
1272 * The callable `op` must not access the string directly (only through
1273 * the pointer passed as its first argument), must not write more than
1274 * `n` characters to the string, must return a value no greater than `n`,
1275 * and must ensure that all characters up to the returned length are
1276 * valid after it returns (i.e. there must be no uninitialized values
1277 * left in the string after the call, because accessing them would
1278 * have undefined behaviour). If `op` exits by throwing an exception
1279 * the behaviour is undefined.
1280 *
1281 * @since C++23
1282 */
1283 template<typename _Operation>
1284 constexpr void
1285 resize_and_overwrite(size_type __n, _Operation __op);
1286#endif
1287
1288#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
1289 /// Non-standard version of resize_and_overwrite for C++11 and above.
1290 template<typename _Operation>
1291 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR void
1292 __resize_and_overwrite(size_type __n, _Operation __op);
1293#endif
1294
1295 /**
1296 * Returns the total number of characters that the %string can hold
1297 * before needing to allocate more memory.
1298 */
1299 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
1300 size_type
1301 capacity() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
1302 {
1303 size_t __sz = _M_is_local() ? size_type(_S_local_capacity)
1304 : _M_allocated_capacity;
1305 if (__sz < _S_local_capacity || __sz > max_size ())
1306 __builtin_unreachable();
1307 return __sz;
1308 }
1309
1310 /**
1311 * @brief Attempt to preallocate enough memory for specified number of
1312 * characters.
1313 * @param __res_arg Number of characters required.
1314 * @throw std::length_error If @a __res_arg exceeds @c max_size().
1315 *
1316 * This function attempts to reserve enough memory for the
1317 * %string to hold the specified number of characters. If the
1318 * number requested is more than max_size(), length_error is
1319 * thrown.
1320 *
1321 * The advantage of this function is that if optimal code is a
1322 * necessity and the user can determine the string length that will be
1323 * required, the user can reserve the memory in %advance, and thus
1324 * prevent a possible reallocation of memory and copying of %string
1325 * data.
1326 */
1327 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
1328 void
1329 reserve(size_type __res_arg);
1330
1331 /**
1332 * Equivalent to shrink_to_fit().
1333 */
1334#if __cplusplus > 201703L
1335 [[deprecated("use shrink_to_fit() instead")]]
1336#endif
1337 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
1338 void
1339 reserve();
1340
1341 /**
1342 * Erases the string, making it empty.
1343 */
1344 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
1345 void
1346 clear() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
1347 { _M_set_length(0); }
1348
1349 /**
1350 * Returns true if the %string is empty. Equivalent to
1351 * <code>*this == ""</code>.
1352 */
1353 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
1354 bool
1355 empty() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
1356 { return _M_string_length == 0; }
1357
1358 // Element access:
1359 /**
1360 * @brief Subscript access to the data contained in the %string.
1361 * @param __pos The index of the character to access.
1362 * @return Read-only (constant) reference to the character.
1363 *
1364 * This operator allows for easy, array-style, data access.
1365 * Note that data access with this operator is unchecked and
1366 * out_of_range lookups are not defined. (For checked lookups
1367 * see at().)
1368 */
1369 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
1370 const_reference
1371 operator[] (size_type __pos) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
1372 {
1373 __glibcxx_assert(__pos <= size());
1374 return _M_data()[__pos];
1375 }
1376
1377 /**
1378 * @brief Subscript access to the data contained in the %string.
1379 * @param __pos The index of the character to access.
1380 * @return Read/write reference to the character.
1381 *
1382 * This operator allows for easy, array-style, data access.
1383 * Note that data access with this operator is unchecked and
1384 * out_of_range lookups are not defined. (For checked lookups
1385 * see at().)
1386 */
1387 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
1388 reference
1389 operator[](size_type __pos)
1390 {
1391 // Allow pos == size() both in C++98 mode, as v3 extension,
1392 // and in C++11 mode.
1393 __glibcxx_assert(__pos <= size());
1394 // In pedantic mode be strict in C++98 mode.
1395 _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(__cplusplus >= 201103L || __pos < size());
1396 return _M_data()[__pos];
1397 }
1398
1399 /**
1400 * @brief Provides access to the data contained in the %string.
1401 * @param __n The index of the character to access.
1402 * @return Read-only (const) reference to the character.
1403 * @throw std::out_of_range If @a n is an invalid index.
1404 *
1405 * This function provides for safer data access. The parameter is
1406 * first checked that it is in the range of the string. The function
1407 * throws out_of_range if the check fails.
1408 */
1409 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
1410 const_reference
1411 at(size_type __n) const
1412 {
1413 if (__n >= this->size())
1414 __throw_out_of_range_fmt(__N("basic_string::at: __n "
1415 "(which is %zu) >= this->size() "
1416 "(which is %zu)"),
1417 __n, this->size());
1418 return _M_data()[__n];
1419 }
1420
1421 /**
1422 * @brief Provides access to the data contained in the %string.
1423 * @param __n The index of the character to access.
1424 * @return Read/write reference to the character.
1425 * @throw std::out_of_range If @a n is an invalid index.
1426 *
1427 * This function provides for safer data access. The parameter is
1428 * first checked that it is in the range of the string. The function
1429 * throws out_of_range if the check fails.
1430 */
1431 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
1432 reference
1433 at(size_type __n)
1434 {
1435 if (__n >= size())
1436 __throw_out_of_range_fmt(__N("basic_string::at: __n "
1437 "(which is %zu) >= this->size() "
1438 "(which is %zu)"),
1439 __n, this->size());
1440 return _M_data()[__n];
1441 }
1442
1443#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
1444 /**
1445 * Returns a read/write reference to the data at the first
1446 * element of the %string.
1447 */
1448 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
1449 reference
1450 front() noexcept
1451 {
1452 __glibcxx_assert(!empty());
1453 return operator[](0);
1454 }
1455
1456 /**
1457 * Returns a read-only (constant) reference to the data at the first
1458 * element of the %string.
1459 */
1460 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
1461 const_reference
1462 front() const noexcept
1463 {
1464 __glibcxx_assert(!empty());
1465 return operator[](0);
1466 }
1467
1468 /**
1469 * Returns a read/write reference to the data at the last
1470 * element of the %string.
1471 */
1472 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
1473 reference
1474 back() noexcept
1475 {
1476 __glibcxx_assert(!empty());
1477 return operator[](this->size() - 1);
1478 }
1479
1480 /**
1481 * Returns a read-only (constant) reference to the data at the
1482 * last element of the %string.
1483 */
1484 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
1485 const_reference
1486 back() const noexcept
1487 {
1488 __glibcxx_assert(!empty());
1489 return operator[](this->size() - 1);
1490 }
1491#endif
1492
1493 // Modifiers:
1494 /**
1495 * @brief Append a string to this string.
1496 * @param __str The string to append.
1497 * @return Reference to this string.
1498 */
1499 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
1500 basic_string&
1501 operator+=(const basic_string& __str)
1502 { return this->append(__str); }
1503
1504 /**
1505 * @brief Append a C string.
1506 * @param __s The C string to append.
1507 * @return Reference to this string.
1508 */
1509 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
1510 basic_string&
1511 operator+=(const _CharT* __s)
1512 { return this->append(__s); }
1513
1514 /**
1515 * @brief Append a character.
1516 * @param __c The character to append.
1517 * @return Reference to this string.
1518 */
1519 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
1520 basic_string&
1521 operator+=(_CharT __c)
1522 {
1523 this->push_back(__c);
1524 return *this;
1525 }
1526
1527#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
1528 /**
1529 * @brief Append an initializer_list of characters.
1530 * @param __l The initializer_list of characters to be appended.
1531 * @return Reference to this string.
1532 */
1533 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
1534 basic_string&
1535 operator+=(initializer_list<_CharT> __l)
1536 { return this->append(__l.begin(), __l.size()); }
1537#endif // C++11
1538
1539#ifdef __glibcxx_string_view // >= C++17
1540 /**
1541 * @brief Append a string_view.
1542 * @param __svt An object convertible to string_view to be appended.
1543 * @return Reference to this string.
1544 */
1545 template<typename _Tp>
1546 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
1547 _If_sv<_Tp, basic_string&>
1548 operator+=(const _Tp& __svt)
1549 { return this->append(__svt); }
1550#endif // C++17
1551
1552 /**
1553 * @brief Append a string to this string.
1554 * @param __str The string to append.
1555 * @return Reference to this string.
1556 */
1557 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
1558 basic_string&
1559 append(const basic_string& __str)
1560 { return this->append(__str._M_data(), __str.size()); }
1561
1562 /**
1563 * @brief Append a substring.
1564 * @param __str The string to append.
1565 * @param __pos Index of the first character of str to append.
1566 * @param __n The number of characters to append.
1567 * @return Reference to this string.
1568 * @throw std::out_of_range if @a __pos is not a valid index.
1569 *
1570 * This function appends @a __n characters from @a __str
1571 * starting at @a __pos to this string. If @a __n is is larger
1572 * than the number of available characters in @a __str, the
1573 * remainder of @a __str is appended.
1574 */
1575 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
1576 basic_string&
1577 append(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos, size_type __n = npos)
1578 { return this->append(__str._M_data()
1579 + __str._M_check(__pos, "basic_string::append"),
1580 __str._M_limit(__pos, __n)); }
1581
1582 /**
1583 * @brief Append a C substring.
1584 * @param __s The C string to append.
1585 * @param __n The number of characters to append.
1586 * @return Reference to this string.
1587 */
1588 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
1589 basic_string&
1590 append(const _CharT* __s, size_type __n)
1591 {
1592 __glibcxx_requires_string_len(__s, __n);
1593 _M_check_length(size_type(0), __n, "basic_string::append");
1594 return _M_append(__s, __n);
1595 }
1596
1597 /**
1598 * @brief Append a C string.
1599 * @param __s The C string to append.
1600 * @return Reference to this string.
1601 */
1602 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
1603 basic_string&
1604 append(const _CharT* __s)
1605 {
1606 __glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
1607 const size_type __n = traits_type::length(__s);
1608 _M_check_length(size_type(0), __n, "basic_string::append");
1609 return _M_append(__s, __n);
1610 }
1611
1612 /**
1613 * @brief Append multiple characters.
1614 * @param __n The number of characters to append.
1615 * @param __c The character to use.
1616 * @return Reference to this string.
1617 *
1618 * Appends __n copies of __c to this string.
1619 */
1620 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
1621 basic_string&
1622 append(size_type __n, _CharT __c)
1623 { return _M_replace_aux(this->size(), size_type(0), __n, __c); }
1624
1625#if __glibcxx_containers_ranges // C++ >= 23
1626 /**
1627 * @brief Append a range to the string.
1628 * @param __rg A range of values that are convertible to `value_type`.
1629 * @since C++23
1630 *
1631 * The range `__rg` is allowed to overlap with `*this`.
1632 */
1633 template<__detail::__container_compatible_range<_CharT> _Rg>
1634 constexpr basic_string&
1635 append_range(_Rg&& __rg)
1636 {
1637 // N.B. __rg may overlap with *this, so we must copy from __rg before
1638 // existing elements or iterators referring to *this are invalidated.
1639 // e.g. in s.append_range(views::concat(s, str)), rg overlaps s.
1640 if constexpr (ranges::forward_range<_Rg> || ranges::sized_range<_Rg>)
1641 {
1642 const auto __len = size_type(ranges::distance(__rg));
1643
1644 // Don't care if this addition wraps around, we check it below:
1645 const size_type __newlen = size() + __len;
1646
1647 if ((capacity() - size()) >= __len)
1648 _S_copy_range(_M_data() + size(), std::forward<_Rg>(__rg),
1649 __len);
1650 else
1651 {
1652 _M_check_length(0, __len, "basic_string::append_range");
1653 basic_string __s(_M_get_allocator());
1654 __s.reserve(__newlen);
1655 _S_copy_range(__s._M_data() + size(), std::forward<_Rg>(__rg),
1656 __len);
1657 _S_copy(__s._M_data(), _M_data(), size());
1658 if (!_M_is_local())
1659 _M_destroy(_M_allocated_capacity);
1660 _M_data(__s._M_data());
1661 _M_capacity(__s._M_allocated_capacity);
1662 __s._M_data(__s._M_local_data());
1663 __s._M_length(0);
1664 }
1665 _M_set_length(__newlen); // adds null-terminator
1666 }
1667 else
1668 {
1669 basic_string __s(from_range, std::forward<_Rg>(__rg),
1670 _M_get_allocator());
1671 append(__s);
1672 }
1673 return *this;
1674 }
1675#endif
1676
1677#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
1678 /**
1679 * @brief Append an initializer_list of characters.
1680 * @param __l The initializer_list of characters to append.
1681 * @return Reference to this string.
1682 */
1683 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
1684 basic_string&
1685 append(initializer_list<_CharT> __l)
1686 { return this->append(__l.begin(), __l.size()); }
1687#endif // C++11
1688
1689 /**
1690 * @brief Append a range of characters.
1691 * @param __first Iterator referencing the first character to append.
1692 * @param __last Iterator marking the end of the range.
1693 * @return Reference to this string.
1694 *
1695 * Appends characters in the range [__first,__last) to this string.
1696 */
1697#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
1698 template<class _InputIterator,
1699 typename = std::_RequireInputIter<_InputIterator>>
1700 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
1701#else
1702 template<class _InputIterator>
1703#endif
1704 basic_string&
1705 append(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last)
1706 { return this->replace(end(), end(), __first, __last); }
1707
1708#ifdef __glibcxx_string_view
1709 /**
1710 * @brief Append a string_view.
1711 * @param __svt An object convertible to string_view to be appended.
1712 * @return Reference to this string.
1713 */
1714 template<typename _Tp>
1715 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
1716 _If_sv<_Tp, basic_string&>
1717 append(const _Tp& __svt)
1718 {
1719 __sv_type __sv = __svt;
1720 return this->append(__sv.data(), __sv.size());
1721 }
1722
1723 /**
1724 * @brief Append a range of characters from a string_view.
1725 * @param __svt An object convertible to string_view to be appended from.
1726 * @param __pos The position in the string_view to append from.
1727 * @param __n The number of characters to append from the string_view.
1728 * @return Reference to this string.
1729 */
1730 template<typename _Tp>
1731 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
1732 _If_sv<_Tp, basic_string&>
1733 append(const _Tp& __svt, size_type __pos, size_type __n = npos)
1734 {
1735 __sv_type __sv = __svt;
1736 return _M_append(__sv.data()
1737 + std::__sv_check(__sv.size(), __pos, "basic_string::append"),
1738 std::__sv_limit(__sv.size(), __pos, __n));
1739 }
1740#endif // C++17
1741
1742 /**
1743 * @brief Append a single character.
1744 * @param __c Character to append.
1745 */
1746 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
1747 void
1748 push_back(_CharT __c)
1749 {
1750 const size_type __size = this->size();
1751 if (__size + 1 > this->capacity())
1752 this->_M_mutate(__size, size_type(0), 0, size_type(1));
1753 traits_type::assign(this->_M_data()[__size], __c);
1754 this->_M_set_length(__size + 1);
1755 }
1756
1757 /**
1758 * @brief Set value to contents of another string.
1759 * @param __str Source string to use.
1760 * @return Reference to this string.
1761 */
1762 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
1763 basic_string&
1764 assign(const basic_string& __str)
1765 {
1766#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
1767 if (_Alloc_traits::_S_propagate_on_copy_assign())
1768 {
1769 if (!_Alloc_traits::_S_always_equal() && !_M_is_local()
1770 && _M_get_allocator() != __str._M_get_allocator())
1771 {
1772 // Propagating allocator cannot free existing storage so must
1773 // deallocate it before replacing current allocator.
1774 if (__str.size() <= _S_local_capacity)
1775 {
1776 _M_destroy(_M_allocated_capacity);
1777 _M_data(_M_use_local_data());
1778 _M_set_length(0);
1779 }
1780 else
1781 {
1782 const auto __len = __str.size();
1783 auto __alloc = __str._M_get_allocator();
1784 // If this allocation throws there are no effects:
1785 auto __ptr = _S_allocate(__alloc, __len + 1);
1786 _M_destroy(_M_allocated_capacity);
1787 _M_data(__ptr);
1788 _M_capacity(__len);
1789 _M_set_length(__len);
1790 }
1791 }
1792 std::__alloc_on_copy(_M_get_allocator(), __str._M_get_allocator());
1793 }
1794#endif
1795 this->_M_assign(__str);
1796 return *this;
1797 }
1798
1799#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
1800 /**
1801 * @brief Set value to contents of another string.
1802 * @param __str Source string to use.
1803 * @return Reference to this string.
1804 *
1805 * This function sets this string to the exact contents of @a __str.
1806 * @a __str is a valid, but unspecified string.
1807 */
1808 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
1809 basic_string&
1810 assign(basic_string&& __str)
1811 noexcept(_Alloc_traits::_S_nothrow_move())
1812 {
1813 // _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
1814 // 2063. Contradictory requirements for string move assignment
1815 return *this = std::move(__str);
1816 }
1817#endif // C++11
1818
1819 /**
1820 * @brief Set value to a substring of a string.
1821 * @param __str The string to use.
1822 * @param __pos Index of the first character of str.
1823 * @param __n Number of characters to use.
1824 * @return Reference to this string.
1825 * @throw std::out_of_range if @a pos is not a valid index.
1826 *
1827 * This function sets this string to the substring of @a __str
1828 * consisting of @a __n characters at @a __pos. If @a __n is
1829 * is larger than the number of available characters in @a
1830 * __str, the remainder of @a __str is used.
1831 */
1832 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
1833 basic_string&
1834 assign(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos, size_type __n = npos)
1835 { return _M_replace(size_type(0), this->size(), __str._M_data()
1836 + __str._M_check(__pos, "basic_string::assign"),
1837 __str._M_limit(__pos, __n)); }
1838
1839 /**
1840 * @brief Set value to a C substring.
1841 * @param __s The C string to use.
1842 * @param __n Number of characters to use.
1843 * @return Reference to this string.
1844 *
1845 * This function sets the value of this string to the first @a __n
1846 * characters of @a __s. If @a __n is is larger than the number of
1847 * available characters in @a __s, the remainder of @a __s is used.
1848 */
1849 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
1850 basic_string&
1851 assign(const _CharT* __s, size_type __n)
1852 {
1853 __glibcxx_requires_string_len(__s, __n);
1854 return _M_replace(size_type(0), this->size(), __s, __n);
1855 }
1856
1857 /**
1858 * @brief Set value to contents of a C string.
1859 * @param __s The C string to use.
1860 * @return Reference to this string.
1861 *
1862 * This function sets the value of this string to the value of @a __s.
1863 * The data is copied, so there is no dependence on @a __s once the
1864 * function returns.
1865 */
1866 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
1867 basic_string&
1868 assign(const _CharT* __s)
1869 {
1870 __glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
1871 return _M_replace(size_type(0), this->size(), __s,
1872 traits_type::length(__s));
1873 }
1874
1875 /**
1876 * @brief Set value to multiple characters.
1877 * @param __n Length of the resulting string.
1878 * @param __c The character to use.
1879 * @return Reference to this string.
1880 *
1881 * This function sets the value of this string to @a __n copies of
1882 * character @a __c.
1883 */
1884 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
1885 basic_string&
1886 assign(size_type __n, _CharT __c)
1887 { return _M_replace_aux(size_type(0), this->size(), __n, __c); }
1888
1889 /**
1890 * @brief Set value to a range of characters.
1891 * @param __first Iterator referencing the first character to append.
1892 * @param __last Iterator marking the end of the range.
1893 * @return Reference to this string.
1894 *
1895 * Sets value of string to characters in the range [__first,__last).
1896 */
1897#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
1898#pragma GCC diagnostic push
1899#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wc++17-extensions"
1900 template<class _InputIterator,
1901 typename = std::_RequireInputIter<_InputIterator>>
1902 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
1903 basic_string&
1904 assign(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last)
1905 {
1906 using _IterTraits = iterator_traits<_InputIterator>;
1907 if constexpr (is_pointer<decltype(std::__niter_base(__first))>::value
1908 && is_same<typename _IterTraits::value_type,
1909 _CharT>::value)
1910 {
1911 __glibcxx_requires_valid_range(__first, __last);
1912 return _M_replace(size_type(0), size(),
1913 std::__niter_base(__first), __last - __first);
1914 }
1915#if __cplusplus >= 202002L
1916 else if constexpr (contiguous_iterator<_InputIterator>
1917 && is_same_v<iter_value_t<_InputIterator>,
1918 _CharT>)
1919 {
1920 __glibcxx_requires_valid_range(__first, __last);
1921 return _M_replace(size_type(0), size(),
1922 std::to_address(__first), __last - __first);
1923 }
1924#endif
1925 else
1926 return *this = basic_string(__first, __last, get_allocator());
1927 }
1928#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
1929#else
1930 template<class _InputIterator>
1931 basic_string&
1932 assign(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last)
1933 { return this->replace(begin(), end(), __first, __last); }
1934#endif
1935
1936#if __glibcxx_containers_ranges // C++ >= 23
1937 /**
1938 * @brief Assign a range to the string.
1939 * @param __rg A range of values that are convertible to `value_type`.
1940 * @since C++23
1941 *
1942 * The range `__rg` is allowed to overlap with `*this`.
1943 */
1944 template<__detail::__container_compatible_range<_CharT> _Rg>
1945 constexpr basic_string&
1946 assign_range(_Rg&& __rg)
1947 {
1948 basic_string __s(from_range, std::forward<_Rg>(__rg),
1949 _M_get_allocator());
1950 assign(std::move(__s));
1951 return *this;
1952 }
1953#endif
1954
1955#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
1956 /**
1957 * @brief Set value to an initializer_list of characters.
1958 * @param __l The initializer_list of characters to assign.
1959 * @return Reference to this string.
1960 */
1961 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
1962 basic_string&
1963 assign(initializer_list<_CharT> __l)
1964 {
1965 // The initializer_list array cannot alias the characters in *this
1966 // so we don't need to use replace to that case.
1967 const size_type __n = __l.size();
1968 if (__n > capacity())
1969 *this = basic_string(__l.begin(), __l.end(), get_allocator());
1970 else
1971 {
1972 if (__n)
1973 _S_copy(_M_data(), __l.begin(), __n);
1974 _M_set_length(__n);
1975 }
1976 return *this;
1977 }
1978#endif // C++11
1979
1980#ifdef __glibcxx_string_view // >= C++17
1981 /**
1982 * @brief Set value from a string_view.
1983 * @param __svt The source object convertible to string_view.
1984 * @return Reference to this string.
1985 */
1986 template<typename _Tp>
1987 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
1988 _If_sv<_Tp, basic_string&>
1989 assign(const _Tp& __svt)
1990 {
1991 __sv_type __sv = __svt;
1992 return this->assign(__sv.data(), __sv.size());
1993 }
1994
1995 /**
1996 * @brief Set value from a range of characters in a string_view.
1997 * @param __svt The source object convertible to string_view.
1998 * @param __pos The position in the string_view to assign from.
1999 * @param __n The number of characters to assign.
2000 * @return Reference to this string.
2001 */
2002 template<typename _Tp>
2003 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
2004 _If_sv<_Tp, basic_string&>
2005 assign(const _Tp& __svt, size_type __pos, size_type __n = npos)
2006 {
2007 __sv_type __sv = __svt;
2008 return _M_replace(size_type(0), this->size(),
2009 __sv.data()
2010 + std::__sv_check(__sv.size(), __pos, "basic_string::assign"),
2011 std::__sv_limit(__sv.size(), __pos, __n));
2012 }
2013#endif // C++17
2014
2015#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
2016 /**
2017 * @brief Insert multiple characters.
2018 * @param __p Const_iterator referencing location in string to
2019 * insert at.
2020 * @param __n Number of characters to insert
2021 * @param __c The character to insert.
2022 * @return Iterator referencing the first inserted char.
2023 * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
2024 *
2025 * Inserts @a __n copies of character @a __c starting at the
2026 * position referenced by iterator @a __p. If adding
2027 * characters causes the length to exceed max_size(),
2028 * length_error is thrown. The value of the string doesn't
2029 * change if an error is thrown.
2030 */
2031 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
2032 iterator
2033 insert(const_iterator __p, size_type __n, _CharT __c)
2034 {
2035 _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(__p >= begin() && __p <= end());
2036 const size_type __pos = __p - begin();
2037 this->replace(__p, __p, __n, __c);
2038 return iterator(this->_M_data() + __pos);
2039 }
2040#else
2041 /**
2042 * @brief Insert multiple characters.
2043 * @param __p Iterator referencing location in string to insert at.
2044 * @param __n Number of characters to insert
2045 * @param __c The character to insert.
2046 * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
2047 *
2048 * Inserts @a __n copies of character @a __c starting at the
2049 * position referenced by iterator @a __p. If adding
2050 * characters causes the length to exceed max_size(),
2051 * length_error is thrown. The value of the string doesn't
2052 * change if an error is thrown.
2053 */
2054 void
2055 insert(iterator __p, size_type __n, _CharT __c)
2056 { this->replace(__p, __p, __n, __c); }
2057#endif
2058
2059#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
2060 /**
2061 * @brief Insert a range of characters.
2062 * @param __p Const_iterator referencing location in string to
2063 * insert at.
2064 * @param __beg Start of range.
2065 * @param __end End of range.
2066 * @return Iterator referencing the first inserted char.
2067 * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
2068 *
2069 * Inserts characters in range [beg,end). If adding characters
2070 * causes the length to exceed max_size(), length_error is
2071 * thrown. The value of the string doesn't change if an error
2072 * is thrown.
2073 */
2074 template<class _InputIterator,
2075 typename = std::_RequireInputIter<_InputIterator>>
2076 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
2077 iterator
2078 insert(const_iterator __p, _InputIterator __beg, _InputIterator __end)
2079 {
2080 _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(__p >= begin() && __p <= end());
2081 const size_type __pos = __p - begin();
2082 this->replace(__p, __p, __beg, __end);
2083 return iterator(this->_M_data() + __pos);
2084 }
2085#else
2086 /**
2087 * @brief Insert a range of characters.
2088 * @param __p Iterator referencing location in string to insert at.
2089 * @param __beg Start of range.
2090 * @param __end End of range.
2091 * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
2092 *
2093 * Inserts characters in range [__beg,__end). If adding
2094 * characters causes the length to exceed max_size(),
2095 * length_error is thrown. The value of the string doesn't
2096 * change if an error is thrown.
2097 */
2098 template<class _InputIterator>
2099 void
2100 insert(iterator __p, _InputIterator __beg, _InputIterator __end)
2101 { this->replace(__p, __p, __beg, __end); }
2102#endif
2103
2104#if __glibcxx_containers_ranges // C++ >= 23
2105 /**
2106 * @brief Insert a range into the string.
2107 * @param __rg A range of values that are convertible to `value_type`.
2108 * @since C++23
2109 *
2110 * The range `__rg` is allowed to overlap with `*this`.
2111 */
2112 template<__detail::__container_compatible_range<_CharT> _Rg>
2113 constexpr iterator
2114 insert_range(const_iterator __p, _Rg&& __rg)
2115 {
2116 auto __pos = __p - cbegin();
2117
2118 if constexpr (ranges::forward_range<_Rg>)
2119 if (ranges::empty(__rg))
2120 return begin() + __pos;
2121
2122
2123 if (__p == cend())
2124 append_range(std::forward<_Rg>(__rg));
2125 else
2126 {
2127 basic_string __s(from_range, std::forward<_Rg>(__rg),
2128 _M_get_allocator());
2129 insert(__pos, __s);
2130 }
2131 return begin() + __pos;
2132 }
2133#endif
2134
2135#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
2136 /**
2137 * @brief Insert an initializer_list of characters.
2138 * @param __p Iterator referencing location in string to insert at.
2139 * @param __l The initializer_list of characters to insert.
2140 * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
2141 */
2142 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
2143 iterator
2144 insert(const_iterator __p, initializer_list<_CharT> __l)
2145 { return this->insert(__p, __l.begin(), __l.end()); }
2146
2147#ifdef _GLIBCXX_DEFINING_STRING_INSTANTIATIONS
2148 // See PR libstdc++/83328
2149 void
2150 insert(iterator __p, initializer_list<_CharT> __l)
2151 {
2152 _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(__p >= begin() && __p <= end());
2153 this->insert(__p - begin(), __l.begin(), __l.size());
2154 }
2155#endif
2156#endif // C++11
2157
2158 /**
2159 * @brief Insert value of a string.
2160 * @param __pos1 Position in string to insert at.
2161 * @param __str The string to insert.
2162 * @return Reference to this string.
2163 * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
2164 *
2165 * Inserts value of @a __str starting at @a __pos1. If adding
2166 * characters causes the length to exceed max_size(),
2167 * length_error is thrown. The value of the string doesn't
2168 * change if an error is thrown.
2169 */
2170 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
2171 basic_string&
2172 insert(size_type __pos1, const basic_string& __str)
2173 { return this->replace(__pos1, size_type(0),
2174 __str._M_data(), __str.size()); }
2175
2176 /**
2177 * @brief Insert a substring.
2178 * @param __pos1 Position in string to insert at.
2179 * @param __str The string to insert.
2180 * @param __pos2 Start of characters in str to insert.
2181 * @param __n Number of characters to insert.
2182 * @return Reference to this string.
2183 * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
2184 * @throw std::out_of_range If @a pos1 > size() or
2185 * @a __pos2 > @a str.size().
2186 *
2187 * Starting at @a pos1, insert @a __n character of @a __str
2188 * beginning with @a __pos2. If adding characters causes the
2189 * length to exceed max_size(), length_error is thrown. If @a
2190 * __pos1 is beyond the end of this string or @a __pos2 is
2191 * beyond the end of @a __str, out_of_range is thrown. The
2192 * value of the string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
2193 */
2194 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
2195 basic_string&
2196 insert(size_type __pos1, const basic_string& __str,
2197 size_type __pos2, size_type __n = npos)
2198 { return this->replace(__pos1, size_type(0), __str._M_data()
2199 + __str._M_check(__pos2, "basic_string::insert"),
2200 __str._M_limit(__pos2, __n)); }
2201
2202 /**
2203 * @brief Insert a C substring.
2204 * @param __pos Position in string to insert at.
2205 * @param __s The C string to insert.
2206 * @param __n The number of characters to insert.
2207 * @return Reference to this string.
2208 * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
2209 * @throw std::out_of_range If @a __pos is beyond the end of this
2210 * string.
2211 *
2212 * Inserts the first @a __n characters of @a __s starting at @a
2213 * __pos. If adding characters causes the length to exceed
2214 * max_size(), length_error is thrown. If @a __pos is beyond
2215 * end(), out_of_range is thrown. The value of the string
2216 * doesn't change if an error is thrown.
2217 */
2218 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
2219 basic_string&
2220 insert(size_type __pos, const _CharT* __s, size_type __n)
2221 { return this->replace(__pos, size_type(0), __s, __n); }
2222
2223 /**
2224 * @brief Insert a C string.
2225 * @param __pos Position in string to insert at.
2226 * @param __s The C string to insert.
2227 * @return Reference to this string.
2228 * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
2229 * @throw std::out_of_range If @a pos is beyond the end of this
2230 * string.
2231 *
2232 * Inserts the first @a n characters of @a __s starting at @a __pos. If
2233 * adding characters causes the length to exceed max_size(),
2234 * length_error is thrown. If @a __pos is beyond end(), out_of_range is
2235 * thrown. The value of the string doesn't change if an error is
2236 * thrown.
2237 */
2238 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
2239 basic_string&
2240 insert(size_type __pos, const _CharT* __s)
2241 {
2242 __glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
2243 return this->replace(__pos, size_type(0), __s,
2244 traits_type::length(__s));
2245 }
2246
2247 /**
2248 * @brief Insert multiple characters.
2249 * @param __pos Index in string to insert at.
2250 * @param __n Number of characters to insert
2251 * @param __c The character to insert.
2252 * @return Reference to this string.
2253 * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
2254 * @throw std::out_of_range If @a __pos is beyond the end of this
2255 * string.
2256 *
2257 * Inserts @a __n copies of character @a __c starting at index
2258 * @a __pos. If adding characters causes the length to exceed
2259 * max_size(), length_error is thrown. If @a __pos > length(),
2260 * out_of_range is thrown. The value of the string doesn't
2261 * change if an error is thrown.
2262 */
2263 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
2264 basic_string&
2265 insert(size_type __pos, size_type __n, _CharT __c)
2266 { return _M_replace_aux(_M_check(__pos, "basic_string::insert"),
2267 size_type(0), __n, __c); }
2268
2269 /**
2270 * @brief Insert one character.
2271 * @param __p Iterator referencing position in string to insert at.
2272 * @param __c The character to insert.
2273 * @return Iterator referencing newly inserted char.
2274 * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
2275 *
2276 * Inserts character @a __c at position referenced by @a __p.
2277 * If adding character causes the length to exceed max_size(),
2278 * length_error is thrown. If @a __p is beyond end of string,
2279 * out_of_range is thrown. The value of the string doesn't
2280 * change if an error is thrown.
2281 */
2282 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
2283 iterator
2284 insert(__const_iterator __p, _CharT __c)
2285 {
2286 _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(__p >= begin() && __p <= end());
2287 const size_type __pos = __p - begin();
2288 _M_replace_aux(__pos, size_type(0), size_type(1), __c);
2289 return iterator(_M_data() + __pos);
2290 }
2291
2292#ifdef __glibcxx_string_view // >= C++17
2293 /**
2294 * @brief Insert a string_view.
2295 * @param __pos Position in string to insert at.
2296 * @param __svt The object convertible to string_view to insert.
2297 * @return Reference to this string.
2298 */
2299 template<typename _Tp>
2300 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
2301 _If_sv<_Tp, basic_string&>
2302 insert(size_type __pos, const _Tp& __svt)
2303 {
2304 __sv_type __sv = __svt;
2305 return this->insert(__pos, __sv.data(), __sv.size());
2306 }
2307
2308 /**
2309 * @brief Insert a string_view.
2310 * @param __pos1 Position in string to insert at.
2311 * @param __svt The object convertible to string_view to insert from.
2312 * @param __pos2 Start of characters in str to insert.
2313 * @param __n The number of characters to insert.
2314 * @return Reference to this string.
2315 */
2316 template<typename _Tp>
2317 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
2318 _If_sv<_Tp, basic_string&>
2319 insert(size_type __pos1, const _Tp& __svt,
2320 size_type __pos2, size_type __n = npos)
2321 {
2322 __sv_type __sv = __svt;
2323 return this->replace(__pos1, size_type(0),
2324 __sv.data()
2325 + std::__sv_check(__sv.size(), __pos2, "basic_string::insert"),
2326 std::__sv_limit(__sv.size(), __pos2, __n));
2327 }
2328#endif // C++17
2329
2330 /**
2331 * @brief Remove characters.
2332 * @param __pos Index of first character to remove (default 0).
2333 * @param __n Number of characters to remove (default remainder).
2334 * @return Reference to this string.
2335 * @throw std::out_of_range If @a pos is beyond the end of this
2336 * string.
2337 *
2338 * Removes @a __n characters from this string starting at @a
2339 * __pos. The length of the string is reduced by @a __n. If
2340 * there are < @a __n characters to remove, the remainder of
2341 * the string is truncated. If @a __p is beyond end of string,
2342 * out_of_range is thrown. The value of the string doesn't
2343 * change if an error is thrown.
2344 */
2345 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
2346 basic_string&
2347 erase(size_type __pos = 0, size_type __n = npos)
2348 {
2349 _M_check(__pos, "basic_string::erase");
2350 if (__n == npos)
2351 this->_M_set_length(__pos);
2352 else if (__n != 0)
2353 this->_M_erase(__pos, _M_limit(__pos, __n));
2354 return *this;
2355 }
2356
2357 /**
2358 * @brief Remove one character.
2359 * @param __position Iterator referencing the character to remove.
2360 * @return iterator referencing same location after removal.
2361 *
2362 * Removes the character at @a __position from this string. The value
2363 * of the string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
2364 */
2365 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
2366 iterator
2367 erase(__const_iterator __position)
2368 {
2369 _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(__position >= begin()
2370 && __position < end());
2371 const size_type __pos = __position - begin();
2372 this->_M_erase(__pos, size_type(1));
2373 return iterator(_M_data() + __pos);
2374 }
2375
2376 /**
2377 * @brief Remove a range of characters.
2378 * @param __first Iterator referencing the first character to remove.
2379 * @param __last Iterator referencing the end of the range.
2380 * @return Iterator referencing location of first after removal.
2381 *
2382 * Removes the characters in the range [first,last) from this string.
2383 * The value of the string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
2384 */
2385 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
2386 iterator
2387 erase(__const_iterator __first, __const_iterator __last)
2388 {
2389 _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(__first >= begin() && __first <= __last
2390 && __last <= end());
2391 const size_type __pos = __first - begin();
2392 if (__last == end())
2393 this->_M_set_length(__pos);
2394 else
2395 this->_M_erase(__pos, __last - __first);
2396 return iterator(this->_M_data() + __pos);
2397 }
2398
2399#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
2400 /**
2401 * @brief Remove the last character.
2402 *
2403 * The string must be non-empty.
2404 */
2405 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
2406 void
2407 pop_back() noexcept
2408 {
2409 __glibcxx_assert(!empty());
2410 _M_erase(size() - 1, 1);
2411 }
2412#endif // C++11
2413
2414 /**
2415 * @brief Replace characters with value from another string.
2416 * @param __pos Index of first character to replace.
2417 * @param __n Number of characters to be replaced.
2418 * @param __str String to insert.
2419 * @return Reference to this string.
2420 * @throw std::out_of_range If @a pos is beyond the end of this
2421 * string.
2422 * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
2423 *
2424 * Removes the characters in the range [__pos,__pos+__n) from
2425 * this string. In place, the value of @a __str is inserted.
2426 * If @a __pos is beyond end of string, out_of_range is thrown.
2427 * If the length of the result exceeds max_size(), length_error
2428 * is thrown. The value of the string doesn't change if an
2429 * error is thrown.
2430 */
2431 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
2432 basic_string&
2433 replace(size_type __pos, size_type __n, const basic_string& __str)
2434 { return this->replace(__pos, __n, __str._M_data(), __str.size()); }
2435
2436 /**
2437 * @brief Replace characters with value from another string.
2438 * @param __pos1 Index of first character to replace.
2439 * @param __n1 Number of characters to be replaced.
2440 * @param __str String to insert.
2441 * @param __pos2 Index of first character of str to use.
2442 * @param __n2 Number of characters from str to use.
2443 * @return Reference to this string.
2444 * @throw std::out_of_range If @a __pos1 > size() or @a __pos2 >
2445 * __str.size().
2446 * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
2447 *
2448 * Removes the characters in the range [__pos1,__pos1 + n) from this
2449 * string. In place, the value of @a __str is inserted. If @a __pos is
2450 * beyond end of string, out_of_range is thrown. If the length of the
2451 * result exceeds max_size(), length_error is thrown. The value of the
2452 * string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
2453 */
2454 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
2455 basic_string&
2456 replace(size_type __pos1, size_type __n1, const basic_string& __str,
2457 size_type __pos2, size_type __n2 = npos)
2458 { return this->replace(__pos1, __n1, __str._M_data()
2459 + __str._M_check(__pos2, "basic_string::replace"),
2460 __str._M_limit(__pos2, __n2)); }
2461
2462 /**
2463 * @brief Replace characters with value of a C substring.
2464 * @param __pos Index of first character to replace.
2465 * @param __n1 Number of characters to be replaced.
2466 * @param __s C string to insert.
2467 * @param __n2 Number of characters from @a s to use.
2468 * @return Reference to this string.
2469 * @throw std::out_of_range If @a pos1 > size().
2470 * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
2471 *
2472 * Removes the characters in the range [__pos,__pos + __n1)
2473 * from this string. In place, the first @a __n2 characters of
2474 * @a __s are inserted, or all of @a __s if @a __n2 is too large. If
2475 * @a __pos is beyond end of string, out_of_range is thrown. If
2476 * the length of result exceeds max_size(), length_error is
2477 * thrown. The value of the string doesn't change if an error
2478 * is thrown.
2479 */
2480 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
2481 basic_string&
2482 replace(size_type __pos, size_type __n1, const _CharT* __s,
2483 size_type __n2)
2484 {
2485 __glibcxx_requires_string_len(__s, __n2);
2486 return _M_replace(_M_check(__pos, "basic_string::replace"),
2487 _M_limit(__pos, __n1), __s, __n2);
2488 }
2489
2490 /**
2491 * @brief Replace characters with value of a C string.
2492 * @param __pos Index of first character to replace.
2493 * @param __n1 Number of characters to be replaced.
2494 * @param __s C string to insert.
2495 * @return Reference to this string.
2496 * @throw std::out_of_range If @a pos > size().
2497 * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
2498 *
2499 * Removes the characters in the range [__pos,__pos + __n1)
2500 * from this string. In place, the characters of @a __s are
2501 * inserted. If @a __pos is beyond end of string, out_of_range
2502 * is thrown. If the length of result exceeds max_size(),
2503 * length_error is thrown. The value of the string doesn't
2504 * change if an error is thrown.
2505 */
2506 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
2507 basic_string&
2508 replace(size_type __pos, size_type __n1, const _CharT* __s)
2509 {
2510 __glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
2511 return this->replace(__pos, __n1, __s, traits_type::length(__s));
2512 }
2513
2514 /**
2515 * @brief Replace characters with multiple characters.
2516 * @param __pos Index of first character to replace.
2517 * @param __n1 Number of characters to be replaced.
2518 * @param __n2 Number of characters to insert.
2519 * @param __c Character to insert.
2520 * @return Reference to this string.
2521 * @throw std::out_of_range If @a __pos > size().
2522 * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
2523 *
2524 * Removes the characters in the range [pos,pos + n1) from this
2525 * string. In place, @a __n2 copies of @a __c are inserted.
2526 * If @a __pos is beyond end of string, out_of_range is thrown.
2527 * If the length of result exceeds max_size(), length_error is
2528 * thrown. The value of the string doesn't change if an error
2529 * is thrown.
2530 */
2531 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
2532 basic_string&
2533 replace(size_type __pos, size_type __n1, size_type __n2, _CharT __c)
2534 { return _M_replace_aux(_M_check(__pos, "basic_string::replace"),
2535 _M_limit(__pos, __n1), __n2, __c); }
2536
2537 /**
2538 * @brief Replace range of characters with string.
2539 * @param __i1 Iterator referencing start of range to replace.
2540 * @param __i2 Iterator referencing end of range to replace.
2541 * @param __str String value to insert.
2542 * @return Reference to this string.
2543 * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
2544 *
2545 * Removes the characters in the range [__i1,__i2). In place,
2546 * the value of @a __str is inserted. If the length of result
2547 * exceeds max_size(), length_error is thrown. The value of
2548 * the string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
2549 */
2550 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
2551 basic_string&
2552 replace(__const_iterator __i1, __const_iterator __i2,
2553 const basic_string& __str)
2554 { return this->replace(__i1, __i2, __str._M_data(), __str.size()); }
2555
2556 /**
2557 * @brief Replace range of characters with C substring.
2558 * @param __i1 Iterator referencing start of range to replace.
2559 * @param __i2 Iterator referencing end of range to replace.
2560 * @param __s C string value to insert.
2561 * @param __n Number of characters from s to insert.
2562 * @return Reference to this string.
2563 * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
2564 *
2565 * Removes the characters in the range [__i1,__i2). In place,
2566 * the first @a __n characters of @a __s are inserted. If the
2567 * length of result exceeds max_size(), length_error is thrown.
2568 * The value of the string doesn't change if an error is
2569 * thrown.
2570 */
2571 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
2572 basic_string&
2573 replace(__const_iterator __i1, __const_iterator __i2,
2574 const _CharT* __s, size_type __n)
2575 {
2576 _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(begin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
2577 && __i2 <= end());
2578 return this->replace(__i1 - begin(), __i2 - __i1, __s, __n);
2579 }
2580
2581 /**
2582 * @brief Replace range of characters with C string.
2583 * @param __i1 Iterator referencing start of range to replace.
2584 * @param __i2 Iterator referencing end of range to replace.
2585 * @param __s C string value to insert.
2586 * @return Reference to this string.
2587 * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
2588 *
2589 * Removes the characters in the range [__i1,__i2). In place,
2590 * the characters of @a __s are inserted. If the length of
2591 * result exceeds max_size(), length_error is thrown. The
2592 * value of the string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
2593 */
2594 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
2595 basic_string&
2596 replace(__const_iterator __i1, __const_iterator __i2, const _CharT* __s)
2597 {
2598 __glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
2599 return this->replace(__i1, __i2, __s, traits_type::length(__s));
2600 }
2601
2602 /**
2603 * @brief Replace range of characters with multiple characters
2604 * @param __i1 Iterator referencing start of range to replace.
2605 * @param __i2 Iterator referencing end of range to replace.
2606 * @param __n Number of characters to insert.
2607 * @param __c Character to insert.
2608 * @return Reference to this string.
2609 * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
2610 *
2611 * Removes the characters in the range [__i1,__i2). In place,
2612 * @a __n copies of @a __c are inserted. If the length of
2613 * result exceeds max_size(), length_error is thrown. The
2614 * value of the string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
2615 */
2616 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
2617 basic_string&
2618 replace(__const_iterator __i1, __const_iterator __i2, size_type __n,
2619 _CharT __c)
2620 {
2621 _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(begin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
2622 && __i2 <= end());
2623 return _M_replace_aux(__i1 - begin(), __i2 - __i1, __n, __c);
2624 }
2625
2626 /**
2627 * @brief Replace range of characters with range.
2628 * @param __i1 Iterator referencing start of range to replace.
2629 * @param __i2 Iterator referencing end of range to replace.
2630 * @param __k1 Iterator referencing start of range to insert.
2631 * @param __k2 Iterator referencing end of range to insert.
2632 * @return Reference to this string.
2633 * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
2634 *
2635 * Removes the characters in the range [__i1,__i2). In place,
2636 * characters in the range [__k1,__k2) are inserted. If the
2637 * length of result exceeds max_size(), length_error is thrown.
2638 * The value of the string doesn't change if an error is
2639 * thrown.
2640 */
2641#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
2642 template<class _InputIterator,
2643 typename = std::_RequireInputIter<_InputIterator>>
2644 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
2645 basic_string&
2646 replace(const_iterator __i1, const_iterator __i2,
2647 _InputIterator __k1, _InputIterator __k2)
2648 {
2649 _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(begin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
2650 && __i2 <= end());
2651 __glibcxx_requires_valid_range(__k1, __k2);
2652 return this->_M_replace_dispatch(__i1, __i2, __k1, __k2,
2653 std::__false_type());
2654 }
2655#else
2656 template<class _InputIterator>
2657#ifdef _GLIBCXX_DISAMBIGUATE_REPLACE_INST
2658 typename __enable_if_not_native_iterator<_InputIterator>::__type
2659#else
2660 basic_string&
2661#endif
2662 replace(iterator __i1, iterator __i2,
2663 _InputIterator __k1, _InputIterator __k2)
2664 {
2665 _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(begin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
2666 && __i2 <= end());
2667 __glibcxx_requires_valid_range(__k1, __k2);
2668 typedef typename std::__is_integer<_InputIterator>::__type _Integral;
2669 return _M_replace_dispatch(__i1, __i2, __k1, __k2, _Integral());
2670 }
2671#endif
2672
2673 // Specializations for the common case of pointer and iterator:
2674 // useful to avoid the overhead of temporary buffering in _M_replace.
2675 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
2676 basic_string&
2677 replace(__const_iterator __i1, __const_iterator __i2,
2678 _CharT* __k1, _CharT* __k2)
2679 {
2680 _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(begin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
2681 && __i2 <= end());
2682 __glibcxx_requires_valid_range(__k1, __k2);
2683 return this->replace(__i1 - begin(), __i2 - __i1,
2684 __k1, __k2 - __k1);
2685 }
2686
2687 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
2688 basic_string&
2689 replace(__const_iterator __i1, __const_iterator __i2,
2690 const _CharT* __k1, const _CharT* __k2)
2691 {
2692 _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(begin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
2693 && __i2 <= end());
2694 __glibcxx_requires_valid_range(__k1, __k2);
2695 return this->replace(__i1 - begin(), __i2 - __i1,
2696 __k1, __k2 - __k1);
2697 }
2698
2699 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
2700 basic_string&
2701 replace(__const_iterator __i1, __const_iterator __i2,
2702 iterator __k1, iterator __k2)
2703 {
2704 _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(begin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
2705 && __i2 <= end());
2706 __glibcxx_requires_valid_range(__k1, __k2);
2707 return this->replace(__i1 - begin(), __i2 - __i1,
2708 __k1.base(), __k2 - __k1);
2709 }
2710
2711 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
2712 basic_string&
2713 replace(__const_iterator __i1, __const_iterator __i2,
2714 const_iterator __k1, const_iterator __k2)
2715 {
2716 _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(begin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
2717 && __i2 <= end());
2718 __glibcxx_requires_valid_range(__k1, __k2);
2719 return this->replace(__i1 - begin(), __i2 - __i1,
2720 __k1.base(), __k2 - __k1);
2721 }
2722
2723#if __glibcxx_containers_ranges // C++ >= 23
2724 /**
2725 * @brief Replace part of the string with a range.
2726 * @param __rg A range of values that are convertible to `value_type`.
2727 * @since C++23
2728 *
2729 * The range `__rg` is allowed to overlap with `*this`.
2730 */
2731 template<__detail::__container_compatible_range<_CharT> _Rg>
2732 constexpr basic_string&
2733 replace_with_range(const_iterator __i1, const_iterator __i2, _Rg&& __rg)
2734 {
2735 if (__i1 == cend())
2736 append_range(std::forward<_Rg>(__rg));
2737 else
2738 {
2739 basic_string __s(from_range, std::forward<_Rg>(__rg),
2740 _M_get_allocator());
2741 replace(__i1, __i2, __s);
2742 }
2743 return *this;
2744 }
2745#endif
2746
2747#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
2748 /**
2749 * @brief Replace range of characters with initializer_list.
2750 * @param __i1 Iterator referencing start of range to replace.
2751 * @param __i2 Iterator referencing end of range to replace.
2752 * @param __l The initializer_list of characters to insert.
2753 * @return Reference to this string.
2754 * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
2755 *
2756 * Removes the characters in the range [__i1,__i2). In place,
2757 * characters in the range [__k1,__k2) are inserted. If the
2758 * length of result exceeds max_size(), length_error is thrown.
2759 * The value of the string doesn't change if an error is
2760 * thrown.
2761 */
2762 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
2763 basic_string& replace(const_iterator __i1, const_iterator __i2,
2764 initializer_list<_CharT> __l)
2765 { return this->replace(__i1, __i2, __l.begin(), __l.size()); }
2766#endif // C++11
2767
2768#ifdef __glibcxx_string_view // >= C++17
2769 /**
2770 * @brief Replace range of characters with string_view.
2771 * @param __pos The position to replace at.
2772 * @param __n The number of characters to replace.
2773 * @param __svt The object convertible to string_view to insert.
2774 * @return Reference to this string.
2775 */
2776 template<typename _Tp>
2777 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
2778 _If_sv<_Tp, basic_string&>
2779 replace(size_type __pos, size_type __n, const _Tp& __svt)
2780 {
2781 __sv_type __sv = __svt;
2782 return this->replace(__pos, __n, __sv.data(), __sv.size());
2783 }
2784
2785 /**
2786 * @brief Replace range of characters with string_view.
2787 * @param __pos1 The position to replace at.
2788 * @param __n1 The number of characters to replace.
2789 * @param __svt The object convertible to string_view to insert from.
2790 * @param __pos2 The position in the string_view to insert from.
2791 * @param __n2 The number of characters to insert.
2792 * @return Reference to this string.
2793 */
2794 template<typename _Tp>
2795 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
2796 _If_sv<_Tp, basic_string&>
2797 replace(size_type __pos1, size_type __n1, const _Tp& __svt,
2798 size_type __pos2, size_type __n2 = npos)
2799 {
2800 __sv_type __sv = __svt;
2801 return this->replace(__pos1, __n1,
2802 __sv.data()
2803 + std::__sv_check(__sv.size(), __pos2, "basic_string::replace"),
2804 std::__sv_limit(__sv.size(), __pos2, __n2));
2805 }
2806
2807 /**
2808 * @brief Replace range of characters with string_view.
2809 * @param __i1 An iterator referencing the start position
2810 to replace at.
2811 * @param __i2 An iterator referencing the end position
2812 for the replace.
2813 * @param __svt The object convertible to string_view to insert from.
2814 * @return Reference to this string.
2815 */
2816 template<typename _Tp>
2817 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
2818 _If_sv<_Tp, basic_string&>
2819 replace(const_iterator __i1, const_iterator __i2, const _Tp& __svt)
2820 {
2821 __sv_type __sv = __svt;
2822 return this->replace(__i1 - begin(), __i2 - __i1, __sv);
2823 }
2824#endif // C++17
2825
2826 private:
2827 template<class _Integer>
2828 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
2829 basic_string&
2830 _M_replace_dispatch(const_iterator __i1, const_iterator __i2,
2831 _Integer __n, _Integer __val, __true_type)
2832 { return _M_replace_aux(__i1 - begin(), __i2 - __i1, __n, __val); }
2833
2834 template<class _InputIterator>
2835 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
2836 basic_string&
2837 _M_replace_dispatch(const_iterator __i1, const_iterator __i2,
2838 _InputIterator __k1, _InputIterator __k2,
2839 __false_type);
2840
2841 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
2842 basic_string&
2843 _M_replace_aux(size_type __pos1, size_type __n1, size_type __n2,
2844 _CharT __c);
2845
2846 __attribute__((__noinline__, __noclone__, __cold__)) void
2847 _M_replace_cold(pointer __p, size_type __len1, const _CharT* __s,
2848 const size_type __len2, const size_type __how_much);
2849
2850 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
2851 basic_string&
2852 _M_replace(size_type __pos, size_type __len1, const _CharT* __s,
2853 const size_type __len2);
2854
2855 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
2856 basic_string&
2857 _M_append(const _CharT* __s, size_type __n);
2858
2859 public:
2860
2861 /**
2862 * @brief Copy substring into C string.
2863 * @param __s C string to copy value into.
2864 * @param __n Number of characters to copy.
2865 * @param __pos Index of first character to copy.
2866 * @return Number of characters actually copied
2867 * @throw std::out_of_range If __pos > size().
2868 *
2869 * Copies up to @a __n characters starting at @a __pos into the
2870 * C string @a __s. If @a __pos is %greater than size(),
2871 * out_of_range is thrown.
2872 */
2873 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
2874 size_type
2875 copy(_CharT* __s, size_type __n, size_type __pos = 0) const;
2876
2877 /**
2878 * @brief Swap contents with another string.
2879 * @param __s String to swap with.
2880 *
2881 * Exchanges the contents of this string with that of @a __s in constant
2882 * time.
2883 */
2884 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
2885 void
2886 swap(basic_string& __s) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT;
2887
2888 // String operations:
2889 /**
2890 * @brief Return const pointer to null-terminated contents.
2891 *
2892 * This is a handle to internal data. Do not modify or dire things may
2893 * happen.
2894 */
2895 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
2896 const _CharT*
2897 c_str() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
2898 { return _M_data(); }
2899
2900 /**
2901 * @brief Return const pointer to contents.
2902 *
2903 * This is a pointer to internal data. It is undefined to modify
2904 * the contents through the returned pointer. To get a pointer that
2905 * allows modifying the contents use @c &str[0] instead,
2906 * (or in C++17 the non-const @c str.data() overload).
2907 */
2908 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
2909 const _CharT*
2910 data() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
2911 { return _M_data(); }
2912
2913#if __cplusplus >= 201703L
2914 /**
2915 * @brief Return non-const pointer to contents.
2916 *
2917 * This is a pointer to the character sequence held by the string.
2918 * Modifying the characters in the sequence is allowed.
2919 */
2920 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
2921 _CharT*
2922 data() noexcept
2923 { return _M_data(); }
2924#endif
2925
2926 /**
2927 * @brief Return copy of allocator used to construct this string.
2928 */
2929 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
2930 allocator_type
2931 get_allocator() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
2932 { return _M_get_allocator(); }
2933
2934 /**
2935 * @brief Find position of a C substring.
2936 * @param __s C string to locate.
2937 * @param __pos Index of character to search from.
2938 * @param __n Number of characters from @a s to search for.
2939 * @return Index of start of first occurrence.
2940 *
2941 * Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for the first @a
2942 * __n characters in @a __s within this string. If found,
2943 * returns the index where it begins. If not found, returns
2944 * npos.
2945 */
2946 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
2947 size_type
2948 find(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos, size_type __n) const
2949 _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT;
2950
2951 /**
2952 * @brief Find position of a string.
2953 * @param __str String to locate.
2954 * @param __pos Index of character to search from (default 0).
2955 * @return Index of start of first occurrence.
2956 *
2957 * Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for value of @a __str within
2958 * this string. If found, returns the index where it begins. If not
2959 * found, returns npos.
2960 */
2961 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
2962 size_type
2963 find(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos = 0) const
2964 _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
2965 { return this->find(__str.data(), __pos, __str.size()); }
2966
2967#ifdef __glibcxx_string_view // >= C++17
2968 /**
2969 * @brief Find position of a string_view.
2970 * @param __svt The object convertible to string_view to locate.
2971 * @param __pos Index of character to search from (default 0).
2972 * @return Index of start of first occurrence.
2973 */
2974 template<typename _Tp>
2975 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
2976 _If_sv<_Tp, size_type>
2977 find(const _Tp& __svt, size_type __pos = 0) const
2978 noexcept(is_same<_Tp, __sv_type>::value)
2979 {
2980 __sv_type __sv = __svt;
2981 return this->find(__sv.data(), __pos, __sv.size());
2982 }
2983#endif // C++17
2984
2985 /**
2986 * @brief Find position of a C string.
2987 * @param __s C string to locate.
2988 * @param __pos Index of character to search from (default 0).
2989 * @return Index of start of first occurrence.
2990 *
2991 * Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for the value of @a
2992 * __s within this string. If found, returns the index where
2993 * it begins. If not found, returns npos.
2994 */
2995 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
2996 size_type
2997 find(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos = 0) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
2998 {
2999 __glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
3000 return this->find(__s, __pos, traits_type::length(__s));
3001 }
3002
3003 /**
3004 * @brief Find position of a character.
3005 * @param __c Character to locate.
3006 * @param __pos Index of character to search from (default 0).
3007 * @return Index of first occurrence.
3008 *
3009 * Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for @a __c within
3010 * this string. If found, returns the index where it was
3011 * found. If not found, returns npos.
3012 */
3013 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
3014 size_type
3015 find(_CharT __c, size_type __pos = 0) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT;
3016
3017 /**
3018 * @brief Find last position of a string.
3019 * @param __str String to locate.
3020 * @param __pos Index of character to search back from (default end).
3021 * @return Index of start of last occurrence.
3022 *
3023 * Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for value of @a
3024 * __str within this string. If found, returns the index where
3025 * it begins. If not found, returns npos.
3026 */
3027 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
3028 size_type
3029 rfind(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos = npos) const
3030 _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
3031 { return this->rfind(__str.data(), __pos, __str.size()); }
3032
3033#ifdef __glibcxx_string_view // >= C++17
3034 /**
3035 * @brief Find last position of a string_view.
3036 * @param __svt The object convertible to string_view to locate.
3037 * @param __pos Index of character to search back from (default end).
3038 * @return Index of start of last occurrence.
3039 */
3040 template<typename _Tp>
3041 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
3042 _If_sv<_Tp, size_type>
3043 rfind(const _Tp& __svt, size_type __pos = npos) const
3044 noexcept(is_same<_Tp, __sv_type>::value)
3045 {
3046 __sv_type __sv = __svt;
3047 return this->rfind(__sv.data(), __pos, __sv.size());
3048 }
3049#endif // C++17
3050
3051 /**
3052 * @brief Find last position of a C substring.
3053 * @param __s C string to locate.
3054 * @param __pos Index of character to search back from.
3055 * @param __n Number of characters from s to search for.
3056 * @return Index of start of last occurrence.
3057 *
3058 * Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for the first @a
3059 * __n characters in @a __s within this string. If found,
3060 * returns the index where it begins. If not found, returns
3061 * npos.
3062 */
3063 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
3064 size_type
3065 rfind(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos, size_type __n) const
3066 _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT;
3067
3068 /**
3069 * @brief Find last position of a C string.
3070 * @param __s C string to locate.
3071 * @param __pos Index of character to start search at (default end).
3072 * @return Index of start of last occurrence.
3073 *
3074 * Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for the value of
3075 * @a __s within this string. If found, returns the index
3076 * where it begins. If not found, returns npos.
3077 */
3078 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
3079 size_type
3080 rfind(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos = npos) const
3081 {
3082 __glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
3083 return this->rfind(__s, __pos, traits_type::length(__s));
3084 }
3085
3086 /**
3087 * @brief Find last position of a character.
3088 * @param __c Character to locate.
3089 * @param __pos Index of character to search back from (default end).
3090 * @return Index of last occurrence.
3091 *
3092 * Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for @a __c within
3093 * this string. If found, returns the index where it was
3094 * found. If not found, returns npos.
3095 */
3096 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
3097 size_type
3098 rfind(_CharT __c, size_type __pos = npos) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT;
3099
3100 /**
3101 * @brief Find position of a character of string.
3102 * @param __str String containing characters to locate.
3103 * @param __pos Index of character to search from (default 0).
3104 * @return Index of first occurrence.
3105 *
3106 * Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for one of the
3107 * characters of @a __str within this string. If found,
3108 * returns the index where it was found. If not found, returns
3109 * npos.
3110 */
3111 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
3112 size_type
3113 find_first_of(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos = 0) const
3114 _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
3115 { return this->find_first_of(__str.data(), __pos, __str.size()); }
3116
3117#ifdef __glibcxx_string_view // >= C++17
3118 /**
3119 * @brief Find position of a character of a string_view.
3120 * @param __svt An object convertible to string_view containing
3121 * characters to locate.
3122 * @param __pos Index of character to search from (default 0).
3123 * @return Index of first occurrence.
3124 */
3125 template<typename _Tp>
3126 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
3127 _If_sv<_Tp, size_type>
3128 find_first_of(const _Tp& __svt, size_type __pos = 0) const
3129 noexcept(is_same<_Tp, __sv_type>::value)
3130 {
3131 __sv_type __sv = __svt;
3132 return this->find_first_of(__sv.data(), __pos, __sv.size());
3133 }
3134#endif // C++17
3135
3136 /**
3137 * @brief Find position of a character of C substring.
3138 * @param __s String containing characters to locate.
3139 * @param __pos Index of character to search from.
3140 * @param __n Number of characters from s to search for.
3141 * @return Index of first occurrence.
3142 *
3143 * Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for one of the
3144 * first @a __n characters of @a __s within this string. If
3145 * found, returns the index where it was found. If not found,
3146 * returns npos.
3147 */
3148 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
3149 size_type
3150 find_first_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos, size_type __n) const
3151 _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT;
3152
3153 /**
3154 * @brief Find position of a character of C string.
3155 * @param __s String containing characters to locate.
3156 * @param __pos Index of character to search from (default 0).
3157 * @return Index of first occurrence.
3158 *
3159 * Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for one of the
3160 * characters of @a __s within this string. If found, returns
3161 * the index where it was found. If not found, returns npos.
3162 */
3163 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
3164 size_type
3165 find_first_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos = 0) const
3166 _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
3167 {
3168 __glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
3169 return this->find_first_of(__s, __pos, traits_type::length(__s));
3170 }
3171
3172 /**
3173 * @brief Find position of a character.
3174 * @param __c Character to locate.
3175 * @param __pos Index of character to search from (default 0).
3176 * @return Index of first occurrence.
3177 *
3178 * Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for the character
3179 * @a __c within this string. If found, returns the index
3180 * where it was found. If not found, returns npos.
3181 *
3182 * Note: equivalent to find(__c, __pos).
3183 */
3184 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
3185 size_type
3186 find_first_of(_CharT __c, size_type __pos = 0) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
3187 { return this->find(__c, __pos); }
3188
3189 /**
3190 * @brief Find last position of a character of string.
3191 * @param __str String containing characters to locate.
3192 * @param __pos Index of character to search back from (default end).
3193 * @return Index of last occurrence.
3194 *
3195 * Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for one of the
3196 * characters of @a __str within this string. If found,
3197 * returns the index where it was found. If not found, returns
3198 * npos.
3199 */
3200 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
3201 size_type
3202 find_last_of(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos = npos) const
3203 _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
3204 { return this->find_last_of(__str.data(), __pos, __str.size()); }
3205
3206#ifdef __glibcxx_string_view // >= C++17
3207 /**
3208 * @brief Find last position of a character of string.
3209 * @param __svt An object convertible to string_view containing
3210 * characters to locate.
3211 * @param __pos Index of character to search back from (default end).
3212 * @return Index of last occurrence.
3213 */
3214 template<typename _Tp>
3215 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
3216 _If_sv<_Tp, size_type>
3217 find_last_of(const _Tp& __svt, size_type __pos = npos) const
3218 noexcept(is_same<_Tp, __sv_type>::value)
3219 {
3220 __sv_type __sv = __svt;
3221 return this->find_last_of(__sv.data(), __pos, __sv.size());
3222 }
3223#endif // C++17
3224
3225 /**
3226 * @brief Find last position of a character of C substring.
3227 * @param __s C string containing characters to locate.
3228 * @param __pos Index of character to search back from.
3229 * @param __n Number of characters from s to search for.
3230 * @return Index of last occurrence.
3231 *
3232 * Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for one of the
3233 * first @a __n characters of @a __s within this string. If
3234 * found, returns the index where it was found. If not found,
3235 * returns npos.
3236 */
3237 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
3238 size_type
3239 find_last_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos, size_type __n) const
3240 _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT;
3241
3242 /**
3243 * @brief Find last position of a character of C string.
3244 * @param __s C string containing characters to locate.
3245 * @param __pos Index of character to search back from (default end).
3246 * @return Index of last occurrence.
3247 *
3248 * Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for one of the
3249 * characters of @a __s within this string. If found, returns
3250 * the index where it was found. If not found, returns npos.
3251 */
3252 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
3253 size_type
3254 find_last_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos = npos) const
3255 _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
3256 {
3257 __glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
3258 return this->find_last_of(__s, __pos, traits_type::length(__s));
3259 }
3260
3261 /**
3262 * @brief Find last position of a character.
3263 * @param __c Character to locate.
3264 * @param __pos Index of character to search back from (default end).
3265 * @return Index of last occurrence.
3266 *
3267 * Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for @a __c within
3268 * this string. If found, returns the index where it was
3269 * found. If not found, returns npos.
3270 *
3271 * Note: equivalent to rfind(__c, __pos).
3272 */
3273 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
3274 size_type
3275 find_last_of(_CharT __c, size_type __pos = npos) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
3276 { return this->rfind(__c, __pos); }
3277
3278 /**
3279 * @brief Find position of a character not in string.
3280 * @param __str String containing characters to avoid.
3281 * @param __pos Index of character to search from (default 0).
3282 * @return Index of first occurrence.
3283 *
3284 * Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for a character not contained
3285 * in @a __str within this string. If found, returns the index where it
3286 * was found. If not found, returns npos.
3287 */
3288 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
3289 size_type
3290 find_first_not_of(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos = 0) const
3291 _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
3292 { return this->find_first_not_of(__str.data(), __pos, __str.size()); }
3293
3294#ifdef __glibcxx_string_view // >= C++17
3295 /**
3296 * @brief Find position of a character not in a string_view.
3297 * @param __svt A object convertible to string_view containing
3298 * characters to avoid.
3299 * @param __pos Index of character to search from (default 0).
3300 * @return Index of first occurrence.
3301 */
3302 template<typename _Tp>
3303 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
3304 _If_sv<_Tp, size_type>
3305 find_first_not_of(const _Tp& __svt, size_type __pos = 0) const
3306 noexcept(is_same<_Tp, __sv_type>::value)
3307 {
3308 __sv_type __sv = __svt;
3309 return this->find_first_not_of(__sv.data(), __pos, __sv.size());
3310 }
3311#endif // C++17
3312
3313 /**
3314 * @brief Find position of a character not in C substring.
3315 * @param __s C string containing characters to avoid.
3316 * @param __pos Index of character to search from.
3317 * @param __n Number of characters from __s to consider.
3318 * @return Index of first occurrence.
3319 *
3320 * Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for a character not
3321 * contained in the first @a __n characters of @a __s within
3322 * this string. If found, returns the index where it was
3323 * found. If not found, returns npos.
3324 */
3325 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
3326 size_type
3327 find_first_not_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos,
3328 size_type __n) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT;
3329
3330 /**
3331 * @brief Find position of a character not in C string.
3332 * @param __s C string containing characters to avoid.
3333 * @param __pos Index of character to search from (default 0).
3334 * @return Index of first occurrence.
3335 *
3336 * Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for a character not
3337 * contained in @a __s within this string. If found, returns
3338 * the index where it was found. If not found, returns npos.
3339 */
3340 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
3341 size_type
3342 find_first_not_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos = 0) const
3343 _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
3344 {
3345 __glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
3346 return this->find_first_not_of(__s, __pos, traits_type::length(__s));
3347 }
3348
3349 /**
3350 * @brief Find position of a different character.
3351 * @param __c Character to avoid.
3352 * @param __pos Index of character to search from (default 0).
3353 * @return Index of first occurrence.
3354 *
3355 * Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for a character
3356 * other than @a __c within this string. If found, returns the
3357 * index where it was found. If not found, returns npos.
3358 */
3359 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
3360 size_type
3361 find_first_not_of(_CharT __c, size_type __pos = 0) const
3362 _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT;
3363
3364 /**
3365 * @brief Find last position of a character not in string.
3366 * @param __str String containing characters to avoid.
3367 * @param __pos Index of character to search back from (default end).
3368 * @return Index of last occurrence.
3369 *
3370 * Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for a character
3371 * not contained in @a __str within this string. If found,
3372 * returns the index where it was found. If not found, returns
3373 * npos.
3374 */
3375 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
3376 size_type
3377 find_last_not_of(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos = npos) const
3378 _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
3379 { return this->find_last_not_of(__str.data(), __pos, __str.size()); }
3380
3381#ifdef __glibcxx_string_view // >= C++17
3382 /**
3383 * @brief Find last position of a character not in a string_view.
3384 * @param __svt An object convertible to string_view containing
3385 * characters to avoid.
3386 * @param __pos Index of character to search back from (default end).
3387 * @return Index of last occurrence.
3388 */
3389 template<typename _Tp>
3390 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
3391 _If_sv<_Tp, size_type>
3392 find_last_not_of(const _Tp& __svt, size_type __pos = npos) const
3393 noexcept(is_same<_Tp, __sv_type>::value)
3394 {
3395 __sv_type __sv = __svt;
3396 return this->find_last_not_of(__sv.data(), __pos, __sv.size());
3397 }
3398#endif // C++17
3399
3400 /**
3401 * @brief Find last position of a character not in C substring.
3402 * @param __s C string containing characters to avoid.
3403 * @param __pos Index of character to search back from.
3404 * @param __n Number of characters from s to consider.
3405 * @return Index of last occurrence.
3406 *
3407 * Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for a character not
3408 * contained in the first @a __n characters of @a __s within this string.
3409 * If found, returns the index where it was found. If not found,
3410 * returns npos.
3411 */
3412 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
3413 size_type
3414 find_last_not_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos,
3415 size_type __n) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT;
3416 /**
3417 * @brief Find last position of a character not in C string.
3418 * @param __s C string containing characters to avoid.
3419 * @param __pos Index of character to search back from (default end).
3420 * @return Index of last occurrence.
3421 *
3422 * Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for a character
3423 * not contained in @a __s within this string. If found,
3424 * returns the index where it was found. If not found, returns
3425 * npos.
3426 */
3427 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
3428 size_type
3429 find_last_not_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos = npos) const
3430 _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
3431 {
3432 __glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
3433 return this->find_last_not_of(__s, __pos, traits_type::length(__s));
3434 }
3435
3436 /**
3437 * @brief Find last position of a different character.
3438 * @param __c Character to avoid.
3439 * @param __pos Index of character to search back from (default end).
3440 * @return Index of last occurrence.
3441 *
3442 * Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for a character other than
3443 * @a __c within this string. If found, returns the index where it was
3444 * found. If not found, returns npos.
3445 */
3446 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
3447 size_type
3448 find_last_not_of(_CharT __c, size_type __pos = npos) const
3449 _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT;
3450
3451 /**
3452 * @brief Get a substring.
3453 * @param __pos Index of first character (default 0).
3454 * @param __n Number of characters in substring (default remainder).
3455 * @return The new string.
3456 * @throw std::out_of_range If __pos > size().
3457 *
3458 * Construct and return a new string using the @a __n
3459 * characters starting at @a __pos. If the string is too
3460 * short, use the remainder of the characters. If @a __pos is
3461 * beyond the end of the string, out_of_range is thrown.
3462 */
3463 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
3464 basic_string
3465 substr(size_type __pos = 0, size_type __n = npos) const
3466 { return basic_string(*this,
3467 _M_check(__pos, "basic_string::substr"), __n); }
3468
3469#if __cplusplus >= 202302L
3470 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD
3471 constexpr basic_string
3472 substr(size_type __pos = 0) &&
3473 { return basic_string(std::move(*this), __pos); }
3474
3475 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD
3476 constexpr basic_string
3477 substr(size_type __pos, size_type __n) &&
3478 { return basic_string(std::move(*this), __pos, __n); }
3479#endif // C++23
3480
3481#ifdef __glibcxx_string_subview // >= C++26
3482 /**
3483 * @brief Get a subview.
3484 * @param __pos Index of first character (default 0).
3485 * @param __n Number of characters in subview (default remainder).
3486 * @return The subview.
3487 * @throw std::out_of_range If __pos > size().
3488 *
3489 * Construct and return a subview using the `__n` characters starting at
3490 * `__pos`. If the string is too short, use the remainder of the
3491 * characters. If `__pos` is beyond the end of the string, out_of_range
3492 * is thrown.
3493 */
3494 [[nodiscard]]
3495 constexpr basic_string_view<_CharT, _Traits>
3496 subview(size_type __pos = 0, size_type __n = npos) const
3497 { return __sv_type(*this).subview(__pos, __n); }
3498#endif
3499
3500 /**
3501 * @brief Compare to a string.
3502 * @param __str String to compare against.
3503 * @return Integer < 0, 0, or > 0.
3504 *
3505 * Returns an integer < 0 if this string is ordered before @a
3506 * __str, 0 if their values are equivalent, or > 0 if this
3507 * string is ordered after @a __str. Determines the effective
3508 * length rlen of the strings to compare as the smallest of
3509 * size() and str.size(). The function then compares the two
3510 * strings by calling traits::compare(data(), str.data(),rlen).
3511 * If the result of the comparison is nonzero returns it,
3512 * otherwise the shorter one is ordered first.
3513 */
3514 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
3515 int
3516 compare(const basic_string& __str) const
3517 {
3518 const size_type __size = this->size();
3519 const size_type __osize = __str.size();
3520 const size_type __len = std::min(__size, __osize);
3521
3522 int __r = traits_type::compare(_M_data(), __str.data(), __len);
3523 if (!__r)
3524 __r = _S_compare(__size, __osize);
3525 return __r;
3526 }
3527
3528#ifdef __glibcxx_string_view // >= C++17
3529 /**
3530 * @brief Compare to a string_view.
3531 * @param __svt An object convertible to string_view to compare against.
3532 * @return Integer < 0, 0, or > 0.
3533 */
3534 template<typename _Tp>
3535 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
3536 _If_sv<_Tp, int>
3537 compare(const _Tp& __svt) const
3538 noexcept(is_same<_Tp, __sv_type>::value)
3539 {
3540 __sv_type __sv = __svt;
3541 const size_type __size = this->size();
3542 const size_type __osize = __sv.size();
3543 const size_type __len = std::min(__size, __osize);
3544
3545 int __r = traits_type::compare(_M_data(), __sv.data(), __len);
3546 if (!__r)
3547 __r = _S_compare(__size, __osize);
3548 return __r;
3549 }
3550
3551 /**
3552 * @brief Compare to a string_view.
3553 * @param __pos A position in the string to start comparing from.
3554 * @param __n The number of characters to compare.
3555 * @param __svt An object convertible to string_view to compare
3556 * against.
3557 * @return Integer < 0, 0, or > 0.
3558 */
3559 template<typename _Tp>
3560 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
3561 _If_sv<_Tp, int>
3562 compare(size_type __pos, size_type __n, const _Tp& __svt) const
3563 {
3564 __sv_type __sv = __svt;
3565 return __sv_type(*this).substr(__pos, __n).compare(__sv);
3566 }
3567
3568 /**
3569 * @brief Compare to a string_view.
3570 * @param __pos1 A position in the string to start comparing from.
3571 * @param __n1 The number of characters to compare.
3572 * @param __svt An object convertible to string_view to compare
3573 * against.
3574 * @param __pos2 A position in the string_view to start comparing from.
3575 * @param __n2 The number of characters to compare.
3576 * @return Integer < 0, 0, or > 0.
3577 */
3578 template<typename _Tp>
3579 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
3580 _If_sv<_Tp, int>
3581 compare(size_type __pos1, size_type __n1, const _Tp& __svt,
3582 size_type __pos2, size_type __n2 = npos) const
3583 {
3584 __sv_type __sv = __svt;
3585 return __sv_type(*this)
3586 .substr(__pos1, __n1).compare(__sv.substr(__pos2, __n2));
3587 }
3588#endif // C++17
3589
3590 /**
3591 * @brief Compare substring to a string.
3592 * @param __pos Index of first character of substring.
3593 * @param __n Number of characters in substring.
3594 * @param __str String to compare against.
3595 * @return Integer < 0, 0, or > 0.
3596 *
3597 * Form the substring of this string from the @a __n characters
3598 * starting at @a __pos. Returns an integer < 0 if the
3599 * substring is ordered before @a __str, 0 if their values are
3600 * equivalent, or > 0 if the substring is ordered after @a
3601 * __str. Determines the effective length rlen of the strings
3602 * to compare as the smallest of the length of the substring
3603 * and @a __str.size(). The function then compares the two
3604 * strings by calling
3605 * traits::compare(substring.data(),str.data(),rlen). If the
3606 * result of the comparison is nonzero returns it, otherwise
3607 * the shorter one is ordered first.
3608 */
3609 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
3610 int
3611 compare(size_type __pos, size_type __n, const basic_string& __str) const
3612 {
3613 _M_check(__pos, "basic_string::compare");
3614 __n = _M_limit(__pos, __n);
3615 const size_type __osize = __str.size();
3616 const size_type __len = std::min(__n, __osize);
3617 int __r = traits_type::compare(_M_data() + __pos, __str.data(), __len);
3618 if (!__r)
3619 __r = _S_compare(__n, __osize);
3620 return __r;
3621 }
3622
3623 /**
3624 * @brief Compare substring to a substring.
3625 * @param __pos1 Index of first character of substring.
3626 * @param __n1 Number of characters in substring.
3627 * @param __str String to compare against.
3628 * @param __pos2 Index of first character of substring of str.
3629 * @param __n2 Number of characters in substring of str.
3630 * @return Integer < 0, 0, or > 0.
3631 *
3632 * Form the substring of this string from the @a __n1
3633 * characters starting at @a __pos1. Form the substring of @a
3634 * __str from the @a __n2 characters starting at @a __pos2.
3635 * Returns an integer < 0 if this substring is ordered before
3636 * the substring of @a __str, 0 if their values are equivalent,
3637 * or > 0 if this substring is ordered after the substring of
3638 * @a __str. Determines the effective length rlen of the
3639 * strings to compare as the smallest of the lengths of the
3640 * substrings. The function then compares the two strings by
3641 * calling
3642 * traits::compare(substring.data(),str.substr(pos2,n2).data(),rlen).
3643 * If the result of the comparison is nonzero returns it,
3644 * otherwise the shorter one is ordered first.
3645 */
3646 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
3647 int
3648 compare(size_type __pos1, size_type __n1, const basic_string& __str,
3649 size_type __pos2, size_type __n2 = npos) const
3650 {
3651 _M_check(__pos1, "basic_string::compare");
3652 __str._M_check(__pos2, "basic_string::compare");
3653 __n1 = _M_limit(__pos1, __n1);
3654 __n2 = __str._M_limit(__pos2, __n2);
3655 const size_type __len = std::min(__n1, __n2);
3656 int __r = traits_type::compare(_M_data() + __pos1,
3657 __str.data() + __pos2, __len);
3658 if (!__r)
3659 __r = _S_compare(__n1, __n2);
3660 return __r;
3661 }
3662
3663 /**
3664 * @brief Compare to a C string.
3665 * @param __s C string to compare against.
3666 * @return Integer < 0, 0, or > 0.
3667 *
3668 * Returns an integer < 0 if this string is ordered before @a __s, 0 if
3669 * their values are equivalent, or > 0 if this string is ordered after
3670 * @a __s. Determines the effective length rlen of the strings to
3671 * compare as the smallest of size() and the length of a string
3672 * constructed from @a __s. The function then compares the two strings
3673 * by calling traits::compare(data(),s,rlen). If the result of the
3674 * comparison is nonzero returns it, otherwise the shorter one is
3675 * ordered first.
3676 */
3677 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
3678 int
3679 compare(const _CharT* __s) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
3680 {
3681 __glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
3682 const size_type __size = this->size();
3683 const size_type __osize = traits_type::length(__s);
3684 const size_type __len = std::min(__size, __osize);
3685 int __r = traits_type::compare(_M_data(), __s, __len);
3686 if (!__r)
3687 __r = _S_compare(__size, __osize);
3688 return __r;
3689 }
3690
3691 // _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
3692 // 5 String::compare specification questionable
3693 /**
3694 * @brief Compare substring to a C string.
3695 * @param __pos Index of first character of substring.
3696 * @param __n1 Number of characters in substring.
3697 * @param __s C string to compare against.
3698 * @return Integer < 0, 0, or > 0.
3699 *
3700 * Form the substring of this string from the @a __n1
3701 * characters starting at @a pos. Returns an integer < 0 if
3702 * the substring is ordered before @a __s, 0 if their values
3703 * are equivalent, or > 0 if the substring is ordered after @a
3704 * __s. Determines the effective length rlen of the strings to
3705 * compare as the smallest of the length of the substring and
3706 * the length of a string constructed from @a __s. The
3707 * function then compares the two string by calling
3708 * traits::compare(substring.data(),__s,rlen). If the result of
3709 * the comparison is nonzero returns it, otherwise the shorter
3710 * one is ordered first.
3711 */
3712 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
3713 int
3714 compare(size_type __pos, size_type __n1, const _CharT* __s) const
3715 {
3716 __glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
3717 _M_check(__pos, "basic_string::compare");
3718 __n1 = _M_limit(__pos, __n1);
3719 const size_type __osize = traits_type::length(__s);
3720 const size_type __len = std::min(__n1, __osize);
3721 int __r = traits_type::compare(_M_data() + __pos, __s, __len);
3722 if (!__r)
3723 __r = _S_compare(__n1, __osize);
3724 return __r;
3725 }
3726
3727 /**
3728 * @brief Compare substring against a character %array.
3729 * @param __pos Index of first character of substring.
3730 * @param __n1 Number of characters in substring.
3731 * @param __s character %array to compare against.
3732 * @param __n2 Number of characters of s.
3733 * @return Integer < 0, 0, or > 0.
3734 *
3735 * Form the substring of this string from the @a __n1
3736 * characters starting at @a __pos. Form a string from the
3737 * first @a __n2 characters of @a __s. Returns an integer < 0
3738 * if this substring is ordered before the string from @a __s,
3739 * 0 if their values are equivalent, or > 0 if this substring
3740 * is ordered after the string from @a __s. Determines the
3741 * effective length rlen of the strings to compare as the
3742 * smallest of the length of the substring and @a __n2. The
3743 * function then compares the two strings by calling
3744 * traits::compare(substring.data(),s,rlen). If the result of
3745 * the comparison is nonzero returns it, otherwise the shorter
3746 * one is ordered first.
3747 *
3748 * NB: s must have at least n2 characters, &apos;\\0&apos; has
3749 * no special meaning.
3750 */
3751 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
3752 int
3753 compare(size_type __pos, size_type __n1, const _CharT* __s,
3754 size_type __n2) const
3755 {
3756 __glibcxx_requires_string_len(__s, __n2);
3757 _M_check(__pos, "basic_string::compare");
3758 __n1 = _M_limit(__pos, __n1);
3759 const size_type __len = std::min(__n1, __n2);
3760 int __r = traits_type::compare(_M_data() + __pos, __s, __len);
3761 if (!__r)
3762 __r = _S_compare(__n1, __n2);
3763 return __r;
3764 }
3765
3766#if __cplusplus >= 202002L
3767 [[nodiscard]]
3768 constexpr bool
3769 starts_with(basic_string_view<_CharT, _Traits> __x) const noexcept
3770 { return __sv_type(this->data(), this->size()).starts_with(__x); }
3771
3772 [[nodiscard]]
3773 constexpr bool
3774 starts_with(_CharT __x) const noexcept
3775 { return __sv_type(this->data(), this->size()).starts_with(__x); }
3776
3777 [[nodiscard, __gnu__::__nonnull__]]
3778 constexpr bool
3779 starts_with(const _CharT* __x) const noexcept
3780 { return __sv_type(this->data(), this->size()).starts_with(__x); }
3781
3782 [[nodiscard]]
3783 constexpr bool
3784 ends_with(basic_string_view<_CharT, _Traits> __x) const noexcept
3785 { return __sv_type(this->data(), this->size()).ends_with(__x); }
3786
3787 [[nodiscard]]
3788 constexpr bool
3789 ends_with(_CharT __x) const noexcept
3790 { return __sv_type(this->data(), this->size()).ends_with(__x); }
3791
3792 [[nodiscard, __gnu__::__nonnull__]]
3793 constexpr bool
3794 ends_with(const _CharT* __x) const noexcept
3795 { return __sv_type(this->data(), this->size()).ends_with(__x); }
3796#endif // C++20
3797
3798#if __cplusplus > 202002L
3799 [[nodiscard]]
3800 constexpr bool
3801 contains(basic_string_view<_CharT, _Traits> __x) const noexcept
3802 { return __sv_type(this->data(), this->size()).contains(__x); }
3803
3804 [[nodiscard]]
3805 constexpr bool
3806 contains(_CharT __x) const noexcept
3807 { return __sv_type(this->data(), this->size()).contains(__x); }
3808
3809 [[nodiscard, __gnu__::__nonnull__]]
3810 constexpr bool
3811 contains(const _CharT* __x) const noexcept
3812 { return __sv_type(this->data(), this->size()).contains(__x); }
3813#endif // C++23
3814
3815 // Allow basic_stringbuf::__xfer_bufptrs to call _M_length:
3816 template<typename, typename, typename> friend class basic_stringbuf;
3817 };
3818_GLIBCXX_END_NAMESPACE_CXX11
3819_GLIBCXX_END_NAMESPACE_VERSION
3820} // namespace std
3821#endif // _GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI
3822
3823namespace std _GLIBCXX_VISIBILITY(default)
3824{
3825_GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
3826
3827#if __cpp_deduction_guides >= 201606
3828_GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_CXX11
3829 template<typename _InputIterator, typename _CharT
3830 = typename iterator_traits<_InputIterator>::value_type,
3831 typename _Allocator = allocator<_CharT>,
3832 typename = _RequireInputIter<_InputIterator>,
3833 typename = _RequireAllocator<_Allocator>>
3834 basic_string(_InputIterator, _InputIterator, _Allocator = _Allocator())
3835 -> basic_string<_CharT, char_traits<_CharT>, _Allocator>;
3836
3837 // _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
3838 // 3075. basic_string needs deduction guides from basic_string_view
3839 template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits,
3840 typename _Allocator = allocator<_CharT>,
3841 typename = _RequireAllocator<_Allocator>>
3842 basic_string(basic_string_view<_CharT, _Traits>, const _Allocator& = _Allocator())
3843 -> basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Allocator>;
3844
3845 template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits,
3846 typename _Allocator = allocator<_CharT>,
3847 typename = _RequireAllocator<_Allocator>>
3848 basic_string(basic_string_view<_CharT, _Traits>,
3849 typename basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Allocator>::size_type,
3850 typename basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Allocator>::size_type,
3851 const _Allocator& = _Allocator())
3852 -> basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Allocator>;
3853
3854#if __glibcxx_containers_ranges // C++ >= 23
3855 template<ranges::input_range _Rg,
3856 typename _Allocator = allocator<ranges::range_value_t<_Rg>>>
3857 basic_string(from_range_t, _Rg&&, _Allocator = _Allocator())
3858 -> basic_string<ranges::range_value_t<_Rg>,
3859 char_traits<ranges::range_value_t<_Rg>>,
3860 _Allocator>;
3861#endif
3862_GLIBCXX_END_NAMESPACE_CXX11
3863#endif
3864
3865 template<typename _Str>
3866 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
3867 inline _Str
3868 __str_concat(typename _Str::value_type const* __lhs,
3869 typename _Str::size_type __lhs_len,
3870 typename _Str::value_type const* __rhs,
3871 typename _Str::size_type __rhs_len,
3872 typename _Str::allocator_type const& __a)
3873 {
3874 typedef typename _Str::allocator_type allocator_type;
3875 typedef __gnu_cxx::__alloc_traits<allocator_type> _Alloc_traits;
3876 _Str __str(_Alloc_traits::_S_select_on_copy(__a));
3877 __str.reserve(__lhs_len + __rhs_len);
3878 __str.append(__lhs, __lhs_len);
3879 __str.append(__rhs, __rhs_len);
3880 return __str;
3881 }
3882
3883 // operator+
3884 /**
3885 * @brief Concatenate two strings.
3886 * @param __lhs First string.
3887 * @param __rhs Last string.
3888 * @return New string with value of @a __lhs followed by @a __rhs.
3889 */
3890 template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
3891 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
3892 inline basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>
3893 operator+(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
3894 const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __rhs)
3895 {
3896 typedef basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc> _Str;
3897 return std::__str_concat<_Str>(__lhs.c_str(), __lhs.size(),
3898 __rhs.c_str(), __rhs.size(),
3899 __lhs.get_allocator());
3900 }
3901
3902 /**
3903 * @brief Concatenate C string and string.
3904 * @param __lhs First string.
3905 * @param __rhs Last string.
3906 * @return New string with value of @a __lhs followed by @a __rhs.
3907 */
3908 template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
3909 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
3910 inline basic_string<_CharT,_Traits,_Alloc>
3911 operator+(const _CharT* __lhs,
3912 const basic_string<_CharT,_Traits,_Alloc>& __rhs)
3913 {
3914 __glibcxx_requires_string(__lhs);
3915 typedef basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc> _Str;
3916 return std::__str_concat<_Str>(__lhs, _Traits::length(__lhs),
3917 __rhs.c_str(), __rhs.size(),
3918 __rhs.get_allocator());
3919 }
3920
3921 /**
3922 * @brief Concatenate character and string.
3923 * @param __lhs First string.
3924 * @param __rhs Last string.
3925 * @return New string with @a __lhs followed by @a __rhs.
3926 */
3927 template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
3928 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
3929 inline basic_string<_CharT,_Traits,_Alloc>
3930 operator+(_CharT __lhs, const basic_string<_CharT,_Traits,_Alloc>& __rhs)
3931 {
3932 typedef basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc> _Str;
3933 return std::__str_concat<_Str>(__builtin_addressof(__lhs), 1,
3934 __rhs.c_str(), __rhs.size(),
3935 __rhs.get_allocator());
3936 }
3937
3938 /**
3939 * @brief Concatenate string and C string.
3940 * @param __lhs First string.
3941 * @param __rhs Last string.
3942 * @return New string with @a __lhs followed by @a __rhs.
3943 */
3944 template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
3945 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
3946 inline basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>
3947 operator+(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
3948 const _CharT* __rhs)
3949 {
3950 __glibcxx_requires_string(__rhs);
3951 typedef basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc> _Str;
3952 return std::__str_concat<_Str>(__lhs.c_str(), __lhs.size(),
3953 __rhs, _Traits::length(__rhs),
3954 __lhs.get_allocator());
3955 }
3956 /**
3957 * @brief Concatenate string and character.
3958 * @param __lhs First string.
3959 * @param __rhs Last string.
3960 * @return New string with @a __lhs followed by @a __rhs.
3961 */
3962 template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
3963 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
3964 inline basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>
3965 operator+(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs, _CharT __rhs)
3966 {
3967 typedef basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc> _Str;
3968 return std::__str_concat<_Str>(__lhs.c_str(), __lhs.size(),
3969 __builtin_addressof(__rhs), 1,
3970 __lhs.get_allocator());
3971 }
3972
3973#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
3974 template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
3975 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
3976 inline basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>
3977 operator+(basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>&& __lhs,
3978 const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __rhs)
3979 { return std::move(__lhs.append(__rhs)); }
3980
3981 template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
3982 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
3983 inline basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>
3984 operator+(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
3985 basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>&& __rhs)
3986 { return std::move(__rhs.insert(0, __lhs)); }
3987
3988 template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
3989 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
3990 inline basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>
3991 operator+(basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>&& __lhs,
3992 basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>&& __rhs)
3993 {
3994#pragma GCC diagnostic push
3995#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wc++17-extensions" // if constexpr
3996 // Return value must use __lhs.get_allocator(), but if __rhs has equal
3997 // allocator then we can choose which parameter to modify in-place.
3998 bool __use_rhs = false;
3999 if constexpr (allocator_traits<_Alloc>::is_always_equal::value)
4000 __use_rhs = true;
4001 else if (__lhs.get_allocator() == __rhs.get_allocator())
4002 __use_rhs = true;
4003 if (__use_rhs)
4004 {
4005 const auto __size = __lhs.size() + __rhs.size();
4006 if (__size > __lhs.capacity() && __size <= __rhs.capacity())
4007 return std::move(__rhs.insert(0, __lhs));
4008 }
4009 return std::move(__lhs.append(__rhs));
4010#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
4011 }
4012
4013 template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
4014 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
4015 inline basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>
4016 operator+(const _CharT* __lhs,
4017 basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>&& __rhs)
4018 { return std::move(__rhs.insert(0, __lhs)); }
4019
4020 template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
4021 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
4022 inline basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>
4023 operator+(_CharT __lhs,
4024 basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>&& __rhs)
4025 { return std::move(__rhs.insert(0, 1, __lhs)); }
4026
4027 template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
4028 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
4029 inline basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>
4030 operator+(basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>&& __lhs,
4031 const _CharT* __rhs)
4032 { return std::move(__lhs.append(__rhs)); }
4033
4034 template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
4035 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
4036 inline basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>
4037 operator+(basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>&& __lhs,
4038 _CharT __rhs)
4039 { return std::move(__lhs.append(1, __rhs)); }
4040#endif
4041
4042#if __glibcxx_string_view >= 202403L
4043 // const string & + string_view
4044 template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
4045 [[nodiscard]]
4046 constexpr basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>
4047 operator+(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
4048 type_identity_t<basic_string_view<_CharT, _Traits>> __rhs)
4049 {
4050 using _Str = basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>;
4051 return std::__str_concat<_Str>(__lhs.data(), __lhs.size(),
4052 __rhs.data(), __rhs.size(),
4053 __lhs.get_allocator());
4054 }
4055
4056 // string && + string_view
4057 template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
4058 [[nodiscard]]
4059 constexpr basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>
4060 operator+(basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>&& __lhs,
4061 type_identity_t<basic_string_view<_CharT, _Traits>> __rhs)
4062 {
4063 return std::move(__lhs.append(__rhs));
4064 }
4065
4066 // string_view + const string &
4067 template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
4068 [[nodiscard]]
4069 constexpr basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>
4070 operator+(type_identity_t<basic_string_view<_CharT, _Traits>> __lhs,
4071 const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __rhs)
4072 {
4073 using _Str = basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>;
4074 return std::__str_concat<_Str>(__lhs.data(), __lhs.size(),
4075 __rhs.data(), __rhs.size(),
4076 __rhs.get_allocator());
4077 }
4078
4079 // string_view + string &&
4080 template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
4081 [[nodiscard]]
4082 constexpr basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>
4083 operator+(type_identity_t<basic_string_view<_CharT, _Traits>> __lhs,
4084 basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>&& __rhs)
4085 {
4086 return std::move(__rhs.insert(0, __lhs));
4087 }
4088#endif
4089
4090 // operator ==
4091 /**
4092 * @brief Test equivalence of two strings.
4093 * @param __lhs First string.
4094 * @param __rhs Second string.
4095 * @return True if @a __lhs.compare(@a __rhs) == 0. False otherwise.
4096 */
4097 template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
4098 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
4099 inline bool
4100 operator==(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
4101 const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __rhs)
4102 _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
4103 {
4104 return __lhs.size() == __rhs.size()
4105 && !_Traits::compare(__lhs.data(), __rhs.data(), __lhs.size());
4106 }
4107
4108 /**
4109 * @brief Test equivalence of string and C string.
4110 * @param __lhs String.
4111 * @param __rhs C string.
4112 * @return True if @a __lhs.compare(@a __rhs) == 0. False otherwise.
4113 */
4114 template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
4115 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
4116 inline bool
4117 operator==(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
4118 const _CharT* __rhs)
4119 {
4120 return __lhs.size() == _Traits::length(__rhs)
4121 && !_Traits::compare(__lhs.data(), __rhs, __lhs.size());
4122 }
4123
4124#if __cpp_lib_three_way_comparison
4125 /**
4126 * @brief Three-way comparison of a string and a C string.
4127 * @param __lhs A string.
4128 * @param __rhs A null-terminated string.
4129 * @return A value indicating whether `__lhs` is less than, equal to,
4130 * greater than, or incomparable with `__rhs`.
4131 */
4132 template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
4133 [[nodiscard]]
4134 constexpr auto
4135 operator<=>(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
4136 const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __rhs) noexcept
4137 -> decltype(__detail::__char_traits_cmp_cat<_Traits>(0))
4138 { return __detail::__char_traits_cmp_cat<_Traits>(__lhs.compare(__rhs)); }
4139
4140 /**
4141 * @brief Three-way comparison of a string and a C string.
4142 * @param __lhs A string.
4143 * @param __rhs A null-terminated string.
4144 * @return A value indicating whether `__lhs` is less than, equal to,
4145 * greater than, or incomparable with `__rhs`.
4146 */
4147 template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
4148 [[nodiscard]]
4149 constexpr auto
4150 operator<=>(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
4151 const _CharT* __rhs) noexcept
4152 -> decltype(__detail::__char_traits_cmp_cat<_Traits>(0))
4153 { return __detail::__char_traits_cmp_cat<_Traits>(__lhs.compare(__rhs)); }
4154#else
4155 /**
4156 * @brief Test equivalence of C string and string.
4157 * @param __lhs C string.
4158 * @param __rhs String.
4159 * @return True if @a __rhs.compare(@a __lhs) == 0. False otherwise.
4160 */
4161 template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
4162 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD
4163 inline bool
4164 operator==(const _CharT* __lhs,
4165 const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __rhs)
4166 { return __rhs == __lhs; }
4167
4168 // operator !=
4169 /**
4170 * @brief Test difference of two strings.
4171 * @param __lhs First string.
4172 * @param __rhs Second string.
4173 * @return True if @a __lhs.compare(@a __rhs) != 0. False otherwise.
4174 */
4175 template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
4176 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD
4177 inline bool
4178 operator!=(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
4179 const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __rhs)
4180 _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
4181 { return !(__lhs == __rhs); }
4182
4183 /**
4184 * @brief Test difference of C string and string.
4185 * @param __lhs C string.
4186 * @param __rhs String.
4187 * @return True if @a __rhs.compare(@a __lhs) != 0. False otherwise.
4188 */
4189 template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
4190 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD
4191 inline bool
4192 operator!=(const _CharT* __lhs,
4193 const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __rhs)
4194 { return !(__rhs == __lhs); }
4195
4196 /**
4197 * @brief Test difference of string and C string.
4198 * @param __lhs String.
4199 * @param __rhs C string.
4200 * @return True if @a __lhs.compare(@a __rhs) != 0. False otherwise.
4201 */
4202 template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
4203 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD
4204 inline bool
4205 operator!=(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
4206 const _CharT* __rhs)
4207 { return !(__lhs == __rhs); }
4208
4209 // operator <
4210 /**
4211 * @brief Test if string precedes string.
4212 * @param __lhs First string.
4213 * @param __rhs Second string.
4214 * @return True if @a __lhs precedes @a __rhs. False otherwise.
4215 */
4216 template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
4217 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD
4218 inline bool
4219 operator<(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
4220 const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __rhs)
4221 _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
4222 { return __lhs.compare(__rhs) < 0; }
4223
4224 /**
4225 * @brief Test if string precedes C string.
4226 * @param __lhs String.
4227 * @param __rhs C string.
4228 * @return True if @a __lhs precedes @a __rhs. False otherwise.
4229 */
4230 template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
4231 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD
4232 inline bool
4233 operator<(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
4234 const _CharT* __rhs)
4235 { return __lhs.compare(__rhs) < 0; }
4236
4237 /**
4238 * @brief Test if C string precedes string.
4239 * @param __lhs C string.
4240 * @param __rhs String.
4241 * @return True if @a __lhs precedes @a __rhs. False otherwise.
4242 */
4243 template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
4244 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD
4245 inline bool
4246 operator<(const _CharT* __lhs,
4247 const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __rhs)
4248 { return __rhs.compare(__lhs) > 0; }
4249
4250 // operator >
4251 /**
4252 * @brief Test if string follows string.
4253 * @param __lhs First string.
4254 * @param __rhs Second string.
4255 * @return True if @a __lhs follows @a __rhs. False otherwise.
4256 */
4257 template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
4258 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD
4259 inline bool
4260 operator>(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
4261 const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __rhs)
4262 _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
4263 { return __lhs.compare(__rhs) > 0; }
4264
4265 /**
4266 * @brief Test if string follows C string.
4267 * @param __lhs String.
4268 * @param __rhs C string.
4269 * @return True if @a __lhs follows @a __rhs. False otherwise.
4270 */
4271 template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
4272 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD
4273 inline bool
4274 operator>(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
4275 const _CharT* __rhs)
4276 { return __lhs.compare(__rhs) > 0; }
4277
4278 /**
4279 * @brief Test if C string follows string.
4280 * @param __lhs C string.
4281 * @param __rhs String.
4282 * @return True if @a __lhs follows @a __rhs. False otherwise.
4283 */
4284 template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
4285 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD
4286 inline bool
4287 operator>(const _CharT* __lhs,
4288 const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __rhs)
4289 { return __rhs.compare(__lhs) < 0; }
4290
4291 // operator <=
4292 /**
4293 * @brief Test if string doesn't follow string.
4294 * @param __lhs First string.
4295 * @param __rhs Second string.
4296 * @return True if @a __lhs doesn't follow @a __rhs. False otherwise.
4297 */
4298 template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
4299 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD
4300 inline bool
4301 operator<=(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
4302 const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __rhs)
4303 _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
4304 { return __lhs.compare(__rhs) <= 0; }
4305
4306 /**
4307 * @brief Test if string doesn't follow C string.
4308 * @param __lhs String.
4309 * @param __rhs C string.
4310 * @return True if @a __lhs doesn't follow @a __rhs. False otherwise.
4311 */
4312 template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
4313 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD
4314 inline bool
4315 operator<=(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
4316 const _CharT* __rhs)
4317 { return __lhs.compare(__rhs) <= 0; }
4318
4319 /**
4320 * @brief Test if C string doesn't follow string.
4321 * @param __lhs C string.
4322 * @param __rhs String.
4323 * @return True if @a __lhs doesn't follow @a __rhs. False otherwise.
4324 */
4325 template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
4326 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD
4327 inline bool
4328 operator<=(const _CharT* __lhs,
4329 const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __rhs)
4330 { return __rhs.compare(__lhs) >= 0; }
4331
4332 // operator >=
4333 /**
4334 * @brief Test if string doesn't precede string.
4335 * @param __lhs First string.
4336 * @param __rhs Second string.
4337 * @return True if @a __lhs doesn't precede @a __rhs. False otherwise.
4338 */
4339 template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
4340 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD
4341 inline bool
4342 operator>=(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
4343 const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __rhs)
4344 _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
4345 { return __lhs.compare(__rhs) >= 0; }
4346
4347 /**
4348 * @brief Test if string doesn't precede C string.
4349 * @param __lhs String.
4350 * @param __rhs C string.
4351 * @return True if @a __lhs doesn't precede @a __rhs. False otherwise.
4352 */
4353 template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
4354 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD
4355 inline bool
4356 operator>=(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
4357 const _CharT* __rhs)
4358 { return __lhs.compare(__rhs) >= 0; }
4359
4360 /**
4361 * @brief Test if C string doesn't precede string.
4362 * @param __lhs C string.
4363 * @param __rhs String.
4364 * @return True if @a __lhs doesn't precede @a __rhs. False otherwise.
4365 */
4366 template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
4367 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD
4368 inline bool
4369 operator>=(const _CharT* __lhs,
4370 const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __rhs)
4371 { return __rhs.compare(__lhs) <= 0; }
4372#endif // three-way comparison
4373
4374 /**
4375 * @brief Swap contents of two strings.
4376 * @param __lhs First string.
4377 * @param __rhs Second string.
4378 *
4379 * Exchanges the contents of @a __lhs and @a __rhs in constant time.
4380 */
4381 template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
4382 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
4383 inline void
4384 swap(basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
4385 basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __rhs)
4386 _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT_IF(noexcept(__lhs.swap(__rhs)))
4387 { __lhs.swap(__rhs); }
4388
4389
4390 /**
4391 * @brief Read stream into a string.
4392 * @param __is Input stream.
4393 * @param __str Buffer to store into.
4394 * @return Reference to the input stream.
4395 *
4396 * Stores characters from @a __is into @a __str until whitespace is
4397 * found, the end of the stream is encountered, or str.max_size()
4398 * is reached. If is.width() is non-zero, that is the limit on the
4399 * number of characters stored into @a __str. Any previous
4400 * contents of @a __str are erased.
4401 */
4402 template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
4403 basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
4404 operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
4405 basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __str);
4406
4407 template<>
4408 basic_istream<char>&
4409 operator>>(basic_istream<char>& __is, basic_string<char>& __str);
4410
4411 /**
4412 * @brief Write string to a stream.
4413 * @param __os Output stream.
4414 * @param __str String to write out.
4415 * @return Reference to the output stream.
4416 *
4417 * Output characters of @a __str into os following the same rules as for
4418 * writing a C string.
4419 */
4420 template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
4421 inline basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
4422 operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
4423 const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __str)
4424 {
4425 // _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
4426 // 586. string inserter not a formatted function
4427 return __ostream_insert(__os, __str.data(), __str.size());
4428 }
4429
4430 /**
4431 * @brief Read a line from stream into a string.
4432 * @param __is Input stream.
4433 * @param __str Buffer to store into.
4434 * @param __delim Character marking end of line.
4435 * @return Reference to the input stream.
4436 *
4437 * Stores characters from @a __is into @a __str until @a __delim is
4438 * found, the end of the stream is encountered, or str.max_size()
4439 * is reached. Any previous contents of @a __str are erased. If
4440 * @a __delim is encountered, it is extracted but not stored into
4441 * @a __str.
4442 */
4443 template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
4444 basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
4445 getline(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
4446 basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __str, _CharT __delim);
4447
4448 /**
4449 * @brief Read a line from stream into a string.
4450 * @param __is Input stream.
4451 * @param __str Buffer to store into.
4452 * @return Reference to the input stream.
4453 *
4454 * Stores characters from is into @a __str until &apos;\n&apos; is
4455 * found, the end of the stream is encountered, or str.max_size()
4456 * is reached. Any previous contents of @a __str are erased. If
4457 * end of line is encountered, it is extracted but not stored into
4458 * @a __str.
4459 */
4460 template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
4461 inline basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
4462 getline(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
4463 basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __str)
4464 { return std::getline(__is, __str, __is.widen('\n')); }
4465
4466#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
4467 /// Read a line from an rvalue stream into a string.
4468 template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
4469 inline basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
4470 getline(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&& __is,
4471 basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __str, _CharT __delim)
4472 { return std::getline(__is, __str, __delim); }
4473
4474 /// Read a line from an rvalue stream into a string.
4475 template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
4476 inline basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
4480#endif
4481
4482 template<>
4483 basic_istream<char>&
4484 getline(basic_istream<char>& __in, basic_string<char>& __str,
4485 char __delim);
4486
4487#ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_WCHAR_T
4488 template<>
4489 basic_istream<wchar_t>&
4490 getline(basic_istream<wchar_t>& __in, basic_string<wchar_t>& __str,
4491 wchar_t __delim);
4492#endif
4493
4494_GLIBCXX_END_NAMESPACE_VERSION
4495} // namespace
4496
4497#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
4498
4499#include <ext/string_conversions.h>
4500#include <bits/charconv.h>
4501
4502namespace std _GLIBCXX_VISIBILITY(default)
4503{
4504_GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
4505_GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_CXX11
4506
4507 // 21.4 Numeric Conversions [string.conversions].
4508 inline int
4509 stoi(const string& __str, size_t* __idx = 0, int __base = 10)
4510 { return __gnu_cxx::__stoa<long, int>(&std::strtol, "stoi", __str.c_str(),
4511 __idx, __base); }
4512
4513 inline long
4514 stol(const string& __str, size_t* __idx = 0, int __base = 10)
4515 { return __gnu_cxx::__stoa(&std::strtol, "stol", __str.c_str(),
4516 __idx, __base); }
4517
4518 inline unsigned long
4519 stoul(const string& __str, size_t* __idx = 0, int __base = 10)
4520 { return __gnu_cxx::__stoa(&std::strtoul, "stoul", __str.c_str(),
4521 __idx, __base); }
4522
4523#if _GLIBCXX_USE_C99_STDLIB
4524 inline long long
4525 stoll(const string& __str, size_t* __idx = 0, int __base = 10)
4526 { return __gnu_cxx::__stoa(&std::strtoll, "stoll", __str.c_str(),
4527 __idx, __base); }
4528
4529 inline unsigned long long
4530 stoull(const string& __str, size_t* __idx = 0, int __base = 10)
4531 { return __gnu_cxx::__stoa(&std::strtoull, "stoull", __str.c_str(),
4532 __idx, __base); }
4533#elif __LONG_WIDTH__ == __LONG_LONG_WIDTH__
4534 inline long long
4535 stoll(const string& __str, size_t* __idx = 0, int __base = 10)
4536 { return std::stol(__str, __idx, __base); }
4537
4538 inline unsigned long long
4539 stoull(const string& __str, size_t* __idx = 0, int __base = 10)
4540 { return std::stoul(__str, __idx, __base); }
4541#endif
4542
4543 inline double
4544 stod(const string& __str, size_t* __idx = 0)
4545 { return __gnu_cxx::__stoa(&std::strtod, "stod", __str.c_str(), __idx); }
4546
4547#if _GLIBCXX_HAVE_STRTOF
4548 // NB: strtof vs strtod.
4549 inline float
4550 stof(const string& __str, size_t* __idx = 0)
4551 { return __gnu_cxx::__stoa(&std::strtof, "stof", __str.c_str(), __idx); }
4552#else
4553 inline float
4554 stof(const string& __str, size_t* __idx = 0)
4555 {
4556 double __d = std::stod(__str, __idx);
4557 if (__builtin_isfinite(__d) && __d != 0.0)
4558 {
4559 double __abs_d = __builtin_fabs(__d);
4560 if (__abs_d < __FLT_MIN__ || __abs_d > __FLT_MAX__)
4561 {
4562 errno = ERANGE;
4563 std::__throw_out_of_range("stof");
4564 }
4565 }
4566 return __d;
4567 }
4568#endif
4569
4570#if _GLIBCXX_HAVE_STRTOLD && ! _GLIBCXX_HAVE_BROKEN_STRTOLD
4571 inline long double
4572 stold(const string& __str, size_t* __idx = 0)
4573 { return __gnu_cxx::__stoa(&std::strtold, "stold", __str.c_str(), __idx); }
4574#elif __DBL_MANT_DIG__ == __LDBL_MANT_DIG__
4575 inline long double
4576 stold(const string& __str, size_t* __idx = 0)
4577 { return std::stod(__str, __idx); }
4578#endif
4579
4580 // _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
4581 // DR 1261. Insufficent overloads for to_string / to_wstring
4582
4583 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD
4584 inline string
4585 to_string(int __val)
4586#if _GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI && (__CHAR_BIT__ * __SIZEOF_INT__) <= 32
4587 noexcept // any 32-bit value fits in the SSO buffer
4588#endif
4589 {
4590 const bool __neg = __val < 0;
4591 const unsigned __uval = __neg ? (unsigned)~__val + 1u : __val;
4592 const auto __len = __detail::__to_chars_len(__uval);
4593 string __str;
4594 __str.__resize_and_overwrite(__neg + __len, [=](char* __p, size_t __n) {
4595 __p[0] = '-';
4596 __detail::__to_chars_10_impl(__p + (int)__neg, __len, __uval);
4597 return __n;
4598 });
4599 return __str;
4600 }
4601
4602 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD
4603 inline string
4604 to_string(unsigned __val)
4605#if _GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI && (__CHAR_BIT__ * __SIZEOF_INT__) <= 32
4606 noexcept // any 32-bit value fits in the SSO buffer
4607#endif
4608 {
4609 const auto __len = __detail::__to_chars_len(__val);
4610 string __str;
4611 __str.__resize_and_overwrite(__len, [__val](char* __p, size_t __n) {
4612 __detail::__to_chars_10_impl(__p, __n, __val);
4613 return __n;
4614 });
4615 return __str;
4616 }
4617
4618 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD
4619 inline string
4620 to_string(long __val)
4621#if _GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI && (__CHAR_BIT__ * __SIZEOF_LONG__) <= 32
4622 noexcept // any 32-bit value fits in the SSO buffer
4623#endif
4624 {
4625 const bool __neg = __val < 0;
4626 const unsigned long __uval = __neg ? (unsigned long)~__val + 1ul : __val;
4627 const auto __len = __detail::__to_chars_len(__uval);
4628 string __str;
4629 __str.__resize_and_overwrite(__neg + __len, [=](char* __p, size_t __n) {
4630 __p[0] = '-';
4631 __detail::__to_chars_10_impl(__p + (int)__neg, __len, __uval);
4632 return __n;
4633 });
4634 return __str;
4635 }
4636
4637 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD
4638 inline string
4639 to_string(unsigned long __val)
4640#if _GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI && (__CHAR_BIT__ * __SIZEOF_LONG__) <= 32
4641 noexcept // any 32-bit value fits in the SSO buffer
4642#endif
4643 {
4644 const auto __len = __detail::__to_chars_len(__val);
4645 string __str;
4646 __str.__resize_and_overwrite(__len, [__val](char* __p, size_t __n) {
4647 __detail::__to_chars_10_impl(__p, __n, __val);
4648 return __n;
4649 });
4650 return __str;
4651 }
4652
4653 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD
4654 inline string
4655 to_string(long long __val)
4656 {
4657 const bool __neg = __val < 0;
4658 const unsigned long long __uval
4659 = __neg ? (unsigned long long)~__val + 1ull : __val;
4660 const auto __len = __detail::__to_chars_len(__uval);
4661 string __str;
4662 __str.__resize_and_overwrite(__neg + __len, [=](char* __p, size_t __n) {
4663 __p[0] = '-';
4664 __detail::__to_chars_10_impl(__p + (int)__neg, __len, __uval);
4665 return __n;
4666 });
4667 return __str;
4668 }
4669
4670 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD
4671 inline string
4672 to_string(unsigned long long __val)
4673 {
4674 const auto __len = __detail::__to_chars_len(__val);
4675 string __str;
4676 __str.__resize_and_overwrite(__len, [__val](char* __p, size_t __n) {
4677 __detail::__to_chars_10_impl(__p, __n, __val);
4678 return __n;
4679 });
4680 return __str;
4681 }
4682
4683#if __glibcxx_to_string >= 202306L // C++ >= 26
4684
4685 [[nodiscard]]
4686 inline string
4687 to_string(float __val)
4688 {
4689 string __str;
4690 size_t __len = 15;
4691 do {
4692 __str.resize_and_overwrite(__len,
4693 [__val, &__len] (char* __p, size_t __n) {
4694 auto [__end, __err] = std::to_chars(__p, __p + __n, __val);
4695 if (__err == errc{}) [[likely]]
4696 return __end - __p;
4697 __len *= 2;
4698 return __p - __p;;
4699 });
4700 } while (__str.empty());
4701 return __str;
4702 }
4703
4704 [[nodiscard]]
4705 inline string
4706 to_string(double __val)
4707 {
4708 string __str;
4709 size_t __len = 15;
4710 do {
4711 __str.resize_and_overwrite(__len,
4712 [__val, &__len] (char* __p, size_t __n) {
4713 auto [__end, __err] = std::to_chars(__p, __p + __n, __val);
4714 if (__err == errc{}) [[likely]]
4715 return __end - __p;
4716 __len *= 2;
4717 return __p - __p;;
4718 });
4719 } while (__str.empty());
4720 return __str;
4721 }
4722
4723 [[nodiscard]]
4724 inline string
4725 to_string(long double __val)
4726 {
4727 string __str;
4728 size_t __len = 15;
4729 do {
4730 __str.resize_and_overwrite(__len,
4731 [__val, &__len] (char* __p, size_t __n) {
4732 auto [__end, __err] = std::to_chars(__p, __p + __n, __val);
4733 if (__err == errc{}) [[likely]]
4734 return __end - __p;
4735 __len *= 2;
4736 return __p - __p;;
4737 });
4738 } while (__str.empty());
4739 return __str;
4740 }
4741#elif _GLIBCXX_USE_C99_STDIO
4742#pragma GCC diagnostic push
4743#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wsuggest-attribute=format"
4744 // NB: (v)snprintf vs sprintf.
4745
4746 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD
4747 inline string
4748 to_string(float __val)
4749 {
4750 const int __n =
4751 __gnu_cxx::__numeric_traits<float>::__max_exponent10 + 20;
4752 return __gnu_cxx::__to_xstring<string>(&std::vsnprintf, __n,
4753 "%f", __val);
4754 }
4755
4756 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD
4757 inline string
4758 to_string(double __val)
4759 {
4760 const int __n =
4761 __gnu_cxx::__numeric_traits<double>::__max_exponent10 + 20;
4762 return __gnu_cxx::__to_xstring<string>(&std::vsnprintf, __n,
4763 "%f", __val);
4764 }
4765
4766 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD
4767 inline string
4768 to_string(long double __val)
4769 {
4770 const int __n =
4771 __gnu_cxx::__numeric_traits<long double>::__max_exponent10 + 20;
4772 return __gnu_cxx::__to_xstring<string>(&std::vsnprintf, __n,
4773 "%Lf", __val);
4774 }
4775#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
4776#endif // _GLIBCXX_USE_C99_STDIO
4777
4778#if defined(_GLIBCXX_USE_WCHAR_T) && _GLIBCXX_USE_C99_WCHAR
4779 inline int
4780 stoi(const wstring& __str, size_t* __idx = 0, int __base = 10)
4781 { return __gnu_cxx::__stoa<long, int>(&std::wcstol, "stoi", __str.c_str(),
4782 __idx, __base); }
4783
4784 inline long
4785 stol(const wstring& __str, size_t* __idx = 0, int __base = 10)
4786 { return __gnu_cxx::__stoa(&std::wcstol, "stol", __str.c_str(),
4787 __idx, __base); }
4788
4789 inline unsigned long
4790 stoul(const wstring& __str, size_t* __idx = 0, int __base = 10)
4791 { return __gnu_cxx::__stoa(&std::wcstoul, "stoul", __str.c_str(),
4792 __idx, __base); }
4793
4794 inline long long
4795 stoll(const wstring& __str, size_t* __idx = 0, int __base = 10)
4796 { return __gnu_cxx::__stoa(&std::wcstoll, "stoll", __str.c_str(),
4797 __idx, __base); }
4798
4799 inline unsigned long long
4800 stoull(const wstring& __str, size_t* __idx = 0, int __base = 10)
4801 { return __gnu_cxx::__stoa(&std::wcstoull, "stoull", __str.c_str(),
4802 __idx, __base); }
4803
4804 // NB: wcstof vs wcstod.
4805 inline float
4806 stof(const wstring& __str, size_t* __idx = 0)
4807 { return __gnu_cxx::__stoa(&std::wcstof, "stof", __str.c_str(), __idx); }
4808
4809 inline double
4810 stod(const wstring& __str, size_t* __idx = 0)
4811 { return __gnu_cxx::__stoa(&std::wcstod, "stod", __str.c_str(), __idx); }
4812
4813 inline long double
4814 stold(const wstring& __str, size_t* __idx = 0)
4815 { return __gnu_cxx::__stoa(&std::wcstold, "stold", __str.c_str(), __idx); }
4816#endif
4817
4818#ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_WCHAR_T
4819#pragma GCC diagnostic push
4820#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wc++17-extensions"
4821 _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
4822 inline void
4823 __to_wstring_numeric(const char* __s, int __len, wchar_t* __wout)
4824 {
4825 // This condition is true if exec-charset and wide-exec-charset share the
4826 // same values for the ASCII subset or the EBCDIC invariant character set.
4827 if constexpr (wchar_t('0') == L'0' && wchar_t('-') == L'-'
4828 && wchar_t('.') == L'.' && wchar_t('e') == L'e')
4829 {
4830 for (int __i = 0; __i < __len; ++__i)
4831 __wout[__i] = (wchar_t) __s[__i];
4832 }
4833 else
4834 {
4835 wchar_t __wc[256];
4836 for (int __i = '0'; __i <= '9'; ++__i)
4837 __wc[__i] = L'0' + __i;
4838 __wc['.'] = L'.';
4839 __wc['+'] = L'+';
4840 __wc['-'] = L'-';
4841 __wc['a'] = L'a';
4842 __wc['b'] = L'b';
4843 __wc['c'] = L'c';
4844 __wc['d'] = L'd';
4845 __wc['e'] = L'e';
4846 __wc['f'] = L'f';
4847 __wc['i'] = L'i'; // for "inf"
4848 __wc['n'] = L'n'; // for "nan" and "inf"
4849 __wc['p'] = L'p'; // for hexfloats "0x1p1"
4850 __wc['x'] = L'x';
4851 __wc['A'] = L'A';
4852 __wc['B'] = L'B';
4853 __wc['C'] = L'C';
4854 __wc['D'] = L'D';
4855 __wc['E'] = L'E';
4856 __wc['F'] = L'F';
4857 __wc['I'] = L'I';
4858 __wc['N'] = L'N';
4859 __wc['P'] = L'P';
4860 __wc['X'] = L'X';
4861
4862 for (int __i = 0; __i < __len; ++__i)
4863 __wout[__i] = __wc[(int)__s[__i]];
4864 }
4865 }
4866
4867#if __glibcxx_constexpr_string >= 201907L
4868 constexpr
4869#endif
4870 inline wstring
4871#ifdef __glibcxx_string_view // >= C++17
4872 __to_wstring_numeric(string_view __s)
4873#else
4874 __to_wstring_numeric(const string& __s)
4875#endif
4876 {
4877 if constexpr (wchar_t('0') == L'0' && wchar_t('-') == L'-'
4878 && wchar_t('.') == L'.' && wchar_t('e') == L'e')
4879 return wstring(__s.data(), __s.data() + __s.size());
4880 else
4881 {
4882 wstring __ws;
4883 auto __f = __s.data();
4884 __ws.__resize_and_overwrite(__s.size(),
4885 [__f] (wchar_t* __to, int __n) {
4886 std::__to_wstring_numeric(__f, __n, __to);
4887 return __n;
4888 });
4889 return __ws;
4890 }
4891 }
4892#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
4893
4894 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD
4895 inline wstring
4896 to_wstring(int __val)
4897 { return std::__to_wstring_numeric(std::to_string(__val)); }
4898
4899 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD
4900 inline wstring
4901 to_wstring(unsigned __val)
4902 { return std::__to_wstring_numeric(std::to_string(__val)); }
4903
4904 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD
4905 inline wstring
4906 to_wstring(long __val)
4907 { return std::__to_wstring_numeric(std::to_string(__val)); }
4908
4909 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD
4910 inline wstring
4911 to_wstring(unsigned long __val)
4912 { return std::__to_wstring_numeric(std::to_string(__val)); }
4913
4914 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD
4915 inline wstring
4916 to_wstring(long long __val)
4917 { return std::__to_wstring_numeric(std::to_string(__val)); }
4918
4919 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD
4920 inline wstring
4921 to_wstring(unsigned long long __val)
4922 { return std::__to_wstring_numeric(std::to_string(__val)); }
4923
4924#if __glibcxx_to_string || _GLIBCXX_USE_C99_STDIO
4925 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD
4926 inline wstring
4927 to_wstring(float __val)
4928 { return std::__to_wstring_numeric(std::to_string(__val)); }
4929
4930 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD
4931 inline wstring
4932 to_wstring(double __val)
4933 { return std::__to_wstring_numeric(std::to_string(__val)); }
4934
4935 _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD
4936 inline wstring
4937 to_wstring(long double __val)
4938 { return std::__to_wstring_numeric(std::to_string(__val)); }
4939#endif
4940#endif // _GLIBCXX_USE_WCHAR_T
4941
4942_GLIBCXX_END_NAMESPACE_CXX11
4943_GLIBCXX_END_NAMESPACE_VERSION
4944} // namespace
4945
4946#endif /* C++11 */
4947
4948#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
4949
4950#include <bits/functional_hash.h>
4951
4952namespace std _GLIBCXX_VISIBILITY(default)
4953{
4954_GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
4955
4956 // _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
4957 // 3705. Hashability shouldn't depend on basic_string's allocator
4958
4959 template<typename _CharT, typename _Alloc,
4960 typename _StrT = basic_string<_CharT, char_traits<_CharT>, _Alloc>>
4961 struct __str_hash_base
4962 : public __hash_base<size_t, _StrT>
4963 {
4964 [[__nodiscard__]]
4965 size_t
4966 operator()(const _StrT& __s) const noexcept
4967 { return _Hash_impl::hash(__s.data(), __s.length() * sizeof(_CharT)); }
4968 };
4969
4970#ifndef _GLIBCXX_COMPATIBILITY_CXX0X
4971 /// std::hash specialization for string.
4972 template<typename _Alloc>
4973 struct hash<basic_string<char, char_traits<char>, _Alloc>>
4974 : public __str_hash_base<char, _Alloc>
4975 { };
4976
4977 /// std::hash specialization for wstring.
4978 template<typename _Alloc>
4979 struct hash<basic_string<wchar_t, char_traits<wchar_t>, _Alloc>>
4980 : public __str_hash_base<wchar_t, _Alloc>
4981 { };
4982
4983 template<typename _Alloc>
4984 struct __is_fast_hash<hash<basic_string<wchar_t, char_traits<wchar_t>,
4985 _Alloc>>>
4986 : std::false_type
4987 { };
4988#endif /* _GLIBCXX_COMPATIBILITY_CXX0X */
4989
4990#ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_CHAR8_T
4991 /// std::hash specialization for u8string.
4992 template<typename _Alloc>
4993 struct hash<basic_string<char8_t, char_traits<char8_t>, _Alloc>>
4994 : public __str_hash_base<char8_t, _Alloc>
4995 { };
4996#endif
4997
4998 /// std::hash specialization for u16string.
4999 template<typename _Alloc>
5000 struct hash<basic_string<char16_t, char_traits<char16_t>, _Alloc>>
5001 : public __str_hash_base<char16_t, _Alloc>
5002 { };
5003
5004 /// std::hash specialization for u32string.
5005 template<typename _Alloc>
5006 struct hash<basic_string<char32_t, char_traits<char32_t>, _Alloc>>
5007 : public __str_hash_base<char32_t, _Alloc>
5008 { };
5009
5010#if ! _GLIBCXX_INLINE_VERSION
5011 // PR libstdc++/105907 - __is_fast_hash affects unordered container ABI.
5012 template<> struct __is_fast_hash<hash<string>> : std::false_type { };
5013 template<> struct __is_fast_hash<hash<wstring>> : std::false_type { };
5014 template<> struct __is_fast_hash<hash<u16string>> : std::false_type { };
5015 template<> struct __is_fast_hash<hash<u32string>> : std::false_type { };
5016#ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_CHAR8_T
5017 template<> struct __is_fast_hash<hash<u8string>> : std::false_type { };
5018#endif
5019#else
5020 // For versioned namespace, assume every std::hash<basic_string<>> is slow.
5021 template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
5022 struct __is_fast_hash<hash<basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>>>
5023 : std::false_type
5024 { };
5025#endif
5026
5027#ifdef __glibcxx_string_udls // C++ >= 14
5028 inline namespace literals
5029 {
5030 inline namespace string_literals
5031 {
5032#pragma GCC diagnostic push
5033#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wliteral-suffix"
5034
5035#if __glibcxx_constexpr_string >= 201907L
5036# define _GLIBCXX_STRING_CONSTEXPR constexpr
5037#else
5038# define _GLIBCXX_STRING_CONSTEXPR
5039#endif
5040
5041 _GLIBCXX_DEFAULT_ABI_TAG _GLIBCXX_STRING_CONSTEXPR
5042 inline basic_string<char>
5043 operator""s(const char* __str, size_t __len)
5044 { return basic_string<char>{__str, __len}; }
5045
5046 _GLIBCXX_DEFAULT_ABI_TAG _GLIBCXX_STRING_CONSTEXPR
5047 inline basic_string<wchar_t>
5048 operator""s(const wchar_t* __str, size_t __len)
5049 { return basic_string<wchar_t>{__str, __len}; }
5050
5051#ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_CHAR8_T
5052 _GLIBCXX_DEFAULT_ABI_TAG _GLIBCXX_STRING_CONSTEXPR
5053 inline basic_string<char8_t>
5054 operator""s(const char8_t* __str, size_t __len)
5055 { return basic_string<char8_t>{__str, __len}; }
5056#endif
5057
5058 _GLIBCXX_DEFAULT_ABI_TAG _GLIBCXX_STRING_CONSTEXPR
5059 inline basic_string<char16_t>
5060 operator""s(const char16_t* __str, size_t __len)
5061 { return basic_string<char16_t>{__str, __len}; }
5062
5063 _GLIBCXX_DEFAULT_ABI_TAG _GLIBCXX_STRING_CONSTEXPR
5064 inline basic_string<char32_t>
5065 operator""s(const char32_t* __str, size_t __len)
5066 { return basic_string<char32_t>{__str, __len}; }
5067
5068#undef _GLIBCXX_STRING_CONSTEXPR
5069#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
5070 } // inline namespace string_literals
5071 } // inline namespace literals
5072#endif // __glibcxx_string_udls
5073
5074#ifdef __glibcxx_variant // >= C++17
5075 namespace __detail::__variant
5076 {
5077 template<typename> struct _Never_valueless_alt; // see <variant>
5078
5079 // Provide the strong exception-safety guarantee when emplacing a
5080 // basic_string into a variant, but only if moving the string cannot throw.
5081 template<typename _Tp, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
5082 struct _Never_valueless_alt<std::basic_string<_Tp, _Traits, _Alloc>>
5083 : __and_<
5084 is_nothrow_move_constructible<std::basic_string<_Tp, _Traits, _Alloc>>,
5085 is_nothrow_move_assignable<std::basic_string<_Tp, _Traits, _Alloc>>
5086 >::type
5087 { };
5088 } // namespace __detail::__variant
5089#endif // C++17
5090
5091_GLIBCXX_END_NAMESPACE_VERSION
5092} // namespace std
5093
5094#endif // C++11
5095
5096#endif /* _BASIC_STRING_H */
std::operator+
constexpr complex< _Tp > operator+(const complex< _Tp > &__x, const complex< _Tp > &__y)
Return new complex value x plus y.
Definition complex:374
std::to_address
constexpr _Tp * to_address(_Tp *__ptr) noexcept
Obtain address referenced by a pointer to an object.
Definition ptr_traits.h:232
std::enable_if_t
typename enable_if< _Cond, _Tp >::type enable_if_t
Alias template for enable_if.
Definition type_traits:2940
std::false_type
__bool_constant< false > false_type
The type used as a compile-time boolean with false value.
Definition type_traits:122
std::move
constexpr std::remove_reference< _Tp >::type && move(_Tp &&__t) noexcept
Convert a value to an rvalue.
Definition move.h:138
std::__addressof
constexpr _Tp * __addressof(_Tp &__r) noexcept
Same as C++11 std::addressof.
Definition move.h:52
std::forward
constexpr _Tp && forward(typename std::remove_reference< _Tp >::type &__t) noexcept
Forward an lvalue.
Definition move.h:72
std::min
constexpr const _Tp & min(const _Tp &, const _Tp &)
This does what you think it does.
Definition stl_algobase.h:233
std::__iterator_category
constexpr iterator_traits< _Iter >::iterator_category __iterator_category(const _Iter &)
Definition stl_iterator_base_types.h:241
std::string
basic_string< char > string
A string of char.
Definition stringfwd.h:79
std::u32string
basic_string< char32_t > u32string
A string of char32_t.
Definition stringfwd.h:94
std::u16string
basic_string< char16_t > u16string
A string of char16_t.
Definition stringfwd.h:91
std::wstring
basic_string< wchar_t > wstring
A string of wchar_t.
Definition stringfwd.h:82
std
ISO C++ entities toplevel namespace is std.
std::getline
basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits > & getline(basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits > &__is, basic_string< _CharT, _Traits, _Alloc > &__str, _CharT __delim)
Read a line from stream into a string.
Definition basic_string.tcc:970
std::size
constexpr auto size(const _Container &__cont) noexcept(noexcept(__cont.size())) -> decltype(__cont.size())
Return the size of a container.
Definition range_access.h:274
std::operator>>
std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits > & operator>>(std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits > &__is, bitset< _Nb > &__x)
Global I/O operators for bitsets.
Definition bitset:1658
std::operator<<
std::basic_ostream< _CharT, _Traits > & operator<<(std::basic_ostream< _CharT, _Traits > &__os, const bitset< _Nb > &__x)
Global I/O operators for bitsets.
Definition bitset:1754
std::literals
ISO C++ inline namespace for literal suffixes.
std::initializer_list
initializer_list
Definition initializer_list:48
std::basic_ios::widen
char_type widen(char __c) const
Widens characters.
Definition basic_ios.h:465
std::basic_istream
Template class basic_istream.
Definition istream:67
std::basic_ostream
Template class basic_ostream.
Definition ostream.h:67
std::basic_string_view
A non-owning reference to a string.
Definition string_view:113
std::hash
Primary class template hash.
Definition functional_hash.h:106
std::is_pointer
is_pointer
Definition type_traits:628
std::is_nothrow_default_constructible
is_nothrow_default_constructible
Definition type_traits:1325
std::allocator
The standard allocator, as per C++03 [20.4.1].
Definition allocator.h:134
std::basic_string
Managing sequences of characters and character-like objects.
Definition basic_string.h:94
std::basic_string::c_str
constexpr const _CharT * c_str() const noexcept
Return const pointer to null-terminated contents.
Definition basic_string.h:2897
std::basic_string::basic_string
constexpr basic_string(_InputIterator __beg, _InputIterator __end, const _Alloc &__a=_Alloc())
Construct string as copy of a range.
Definition basic_string.h:876
std::basic_string::basic_string
constexpr basic_string(const _Alloc &__a) noexcept
Construct an empty string using allocator a.
Definition basic_string.h:605
std::basic_string::find_first_not_of
constexpr size_type find_first_not_of(_CharT __c, size_type __pos=0) const noexcept
Find position of a different character.
Definition basic_string.tcc:841
std::basic_string::append
constexpr basic_string & append(const basic_string &__str, size_type __pos, size_type __n=npos)
Append a substring.
Definition basic_string.h:1577
std::basic_string::basic_string
constexpr basic_string() noexcept(/*conditional */)
Default constructor creates an empty string.
Definition basic_string.h:589
std::basic_string::at
constexpr reference at(size_type __n)
Provides access to the data contained in the string.
Definition basic_string.h:1433
std::basic_string::replace
constexpr basic_string & replace(size_type __pos, size_type __n1, const _CharT *__s)
Replace characters with value of a C string.
Definition basic_string.h:2508
std::basic_string::find
constexpr size_type find(const _CharT *__s, size_type __pos=0) const noexcept
Find position of a C string.
Definition basic_string.h:2997
std::basic_string::replace
constexpr basic_string & replace(__const_iterator __i1, __const_iterator __i2, const basic_string &__str)
Replace range of characters with string.
Definition basic_string.h:2552
std::basic_string::size
constexpr size_type size() const noexcept
Returns the number of characters in the string, not including any null-termination.
Definition basic_string.h:1187
std::basic_string::basic_string
constexpr basic_string(const _CharT *__s, const _Alloc &__a=_Alloc())
Construct string as copy of a C string.
Definition basic_string.h:730
std::basic_string::begin
constexpr const_iterator begin() const noexcept
Definition basic_string.h:1080
std::basic_string::clear
constexpr void clear() noexcept
Definition basic_string.h:1346
std::basic_string< _CharT >::find_last_not_of
constexpr size_type find_last_not_of(const basic_string &__str, size_type __pos=npos) const noexcept
Definition basic_string.h:3377
std::basic_string::operator=
constexpr basic_string & operator=(const _CharT *__s)
Copy contents of s into this string.
Definition basic_string.h:939
std::basic_string::rend
constexpr const_reverse_iterator rend() const noexcept
Definition basic_string.h:1138
std::basic_string::reserve
constexpr void reserve(size_type __res_arg)
Attempt to preallocate enough memory for specified number of characters.
Definition cow_string.h:3670
std::basic_string::find
constexpr size_type find(const _CharT *__s, size_type __pos, size_type __n) const noexcept
Find position of a C substring.
Definition basic_string.tcc:690
std::basic_string::assign
constexpr basic_string & assign(const _CharT *__s, size_type __n)
Set value to a C substring.
Definition basic_string.h:1851
std::basic_string::replace
constexpr basic_string & replace(__const_iterator __i1, __const_iterator __i2, size_type __n, _CharT __c)
Replace range of characters with multiple characters.
Definition basic_string.h:2618
std::basic_string::data
constexpr const _CharT * data() const noexcept
Return const pointer to contents.
Definition basic_string.h:2910
std::basic_string::shrink_to_fit
constexpr void shrink_to_fit() noexcept
A non-binding request to reduce capacity() to size().
Definition basic_string.h:1248
std::basic_string::find_first_not_of
constexpr size_type find_first_not_of(const _CharT *__s, size_type __pos, size_type __n) const noexcept
Find position of a character not in C substring.
Definition basic_string.tcc:827
std::basic_string::substr
constexpr basic_string substr(size_type __pos=0, size_type __n=npos) const
Get a substring.
Definition basic_string.h:3465
std::basic_string::find_first_of
constexpr size_type find_first_of(const _CharT *__s, size_type __pos=0) const noexcept
Find position of a character of C string.
Definition basic_string.h:3165
std::basic_string::compare
constexpr int compare(size_type __pos, size_type __n, const basic_string &__str) const
Compare substring to a string.
Definition basic_string.h:3611
std::basic_string::compare
constexpr int compare(size_type __pos1, size_type __n1, const basic_string &__str, size_type __pos2, size_type __n2=npos) const
Compare substring to a substring.
Definition basic_string.h:3648
std::basic_string::rfind
constexpr size_type rfind(_CharT __c, size_type __pos=npos) const noexcept
Find last position of a character.
Definition basic_string.tcc:769
std::basic_string::back
constexpr reference back() noexcept
Definition basic_string.h:1474
std::basic_string::find_first_of
constexpr size_type find_first_of(const _CharT *__s, size_type __pos, size_type __n) const noexcept
Find position of a character of C substring.
Definition basic_string.tcc:787
std::basic_string::basic_string
constexpr basic_string(const basic_string &__str, size_type __pos, const _Alloc &__a=_Alloc())
Construct string as copy of a substring.
Definition basic_string.h:633
std::basic_string::basic_string
constexpr basic_string(const basic_string &__str, size_type __pos, size_type __n)
Construct string as copy of a substring.
Definition basic_string.h:650
std::basic_string::replace
constexpr basic_string & replace(const_iterator __i1, const_iterator __i2, initializer_list< _CharT > __l)
Replace range of characters with initializer_list.
Definition basic_string.h:2763
std::basic_string::assign
constexpr basic_string & assign(initializer_list< _CharT > __l)
Set value to an initializer_list of characters.
Definition basic_string.h:1963
std::basic_string::rfind
constexpr size_type rfind(const _CharT *__s, size_type __pos=npos) const
Find last position of a C string.
Definition basic_string.h:3080
std::basic_string::find_first_not_of
constexpr size_type find_first_not_of(const _CharT *__s, size_type __pos=0) const noexcept
Find position of a character not in C string.
Definition basic_string.h:3342
std::basic_string::operator+=
constexpr basic_string & operator+=(const _CharT *__s)
Append a C string.
Definition basic_string.h:1511
std::basic_string::assign
constexpr basic_string & assign(const basic_string &__str)
Set value to contents of another string.
Definition basic_string.h:1764
std::basic_string::basic_string
constexpr basic_string(const basic_string &__str)
Construct string with copy of value of __str.
Definition basic_string.h:617
std::basic_string::append
constexpr basic_string & append(initializer_list< _CharT > __l)
Append an initializer_list of characters.
Definition basic_string.h:1685
std::basic_string::basic_string
constexpr basic_string(size_type __n, _CharT __c, const _Alloc &__a=_Alloc())
Construct string as multiple characters.
Definition basic_string.h:753
std::basic_string::append
constexpr basic_string & append(size_type __n, _CharT __c)
Append multiple characters.
Definition basic_string.h:1622
std::basic_string::length
constexpr size_type length() const noexcept
Returns the number of characters in the string, not including any null-termination.
Definition basic_string.h:1199
std::basic_string::crbegin
constexpr const_reverse_iterator crbegin() const noexcept
Definition basic_string.h:1167
std::basic_string::basic_string
constexpr basic_string(const basic_string &__str, size_type __pos, size_type __n, const _Alloc &__a)
Construct string as copy of a substring.
Definition basic_string.h:668
std::basic_string::find_last_of
constexpr size_type find_last_of(_CharT __c, size_type __pos=npos) const noexcept
Find last position of a character.
Definition basic_string.h:3275
std::basic_string::replace
constexpr basic_string & replace(size_type __pos, size_type __n1, const _CharT *__s, size_type __n2)
Replace characters with value of a C substring.
Definition basic_string.h:2482
std::basic_string::assign
constexpr basic_string & assign(basic_string &&__str) noexcept(_Alloc_traits::_S_nothrow_move())
Set value to contents of another string.
Definition basic_string.h:1810
std::basic_string::replace
constexpr basic_string & replace(size_type __pos, size_type __n1, size_type __n2, _CharT __c)
Replace characters with multiple characters.
Definition basic_string.h:2533
std::basic_string::append
constexpr basic_string & append(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last)
Append a range of characters.
Definition basic_string.h:1705
std::basic_string::rbegin
constexpr const_reverse_iterator rbegin() const noexcept
Definition basic_string.h:1118
std::basic_string::copy
constexpr size_type copy(_CharT *__s, size_type __n, size_type __pos=0) const
Copy substring into C string.
Definition cow_string.h:3892
std::basic_string::end
constexpr const_iterator end() const noexcept
Definition basic_string.h:1098
std::basic_string::insert
constexpr basic_string & insert(size_type __pos, const _CharT *__s, size_type __n)
Insert a C substring.
Definition basic_string.h:2220
std::basic_string::find_last_not_of
constexpr size_type find_last_not_of(const _CharT *__s, size_type __pos=npos) const noexcept
Find last position of a character not in C string.
Definition basic_string.h:3429
std::basic_string::cbegin
constexpr const_iterator cbegin() const noexcept
Definition basic_string.h:1148
std::basic_string::rfind
constexpr size_type rfind(const _CharT *__s, size_type __pos, size_type __n) const noexcept
Find last position of a C substring.
Definition basic_string.tcc:746
std::basic_string::erase
constexpr iterator erase(__const_iterator __first, __const_iterator __last)
Remove a range of characters.
Definition basic_string.h:2387
std::basic_string::find_first_of
constexpr size_type find_first_of(const basic_string &__str, size_type __pos=0) const noexcept
Find position of a character of string.
Definition basic_string.h:3113
std::basic_string::at
constexpr const_reference at(size_type __n) const
Provides access to the data contained in the string.
Definition basic_string.h:1411
std::basic_string::operator[]
constexpr reference operator[](size_type __pos)
Subscript access to the data contained in the string.
Definition basic_string.h:1389
std::basic_string::assign
constexpr basic_string & assign(const basic_string &__str, size_type __pos, size_type __n=npos)
Set value to a substring of a string.
Definition basic_string.h:1834
std::basic_string::rend
constexpr reverse_iterator rend() noexcept
Definition basic_string.h:1128
std::basic_string::resize
constexpr void resize(size_type __n, _CharT __c)
Resizes the string to the specified number of characters.
Definition cow_string.h:3818
std::basic_string::insert
constexpr iterator insert(const_iterator __p, _InputIterator __beg, _InputIterator __end)
Insert a range of characters.
Definition basic_string.h:2078
std::basic_string::reserve
constexpr void reserve()
Definition cow_string.h:3871
std::basic_string::find_last_not_of
constexpr size_type find_last_not_of(_CharT __c, size_type __pos=npos) const noexcept
Find last position of a different character.
Definition basic_string.tcc:876
std::basic_string::insert
constexpr basic_string & insert(size_type __pos1, const basic_string &__str)
Insert value of a string.
Definition basic_string.h:2172
std::basic_string::insert
constexpr iterator insert(__const_iterator __p, _CharT __c)
Insert one character.
Definition basic_string.h:2284
std::basic_string::~basic_string
constexpr ~basic_string()
Destroy the string instance.
Definition basic_string.h:919
std::basic_string::operator=
constexpr basic_string & operator=(basic_string &&__str) noexcept(_Alloc_traits::_S_nothrow_move())
Move assign the value of str to this string.
Definition basic_string.h:969
std::basic_string::__resize_and_overwrite
constexpr void __resize_and_overwrite(size_type __n, _Operation __op)
Non-standard version of resize_and_overwrite for C++11 and above.
std::basic_string< _CharT >::rfind
constexpr size_type rfind(const basic_string &__str, size_type __pos=npos) const noexcept
Definition basic_string.h:3029
std::basic_string::append
constexpr basic_string & append(const basic_string &__str)
Append a string to this string.
Definition basic_string.h:1559
std::basic_string::operator+=
constexpr basic_string & operator+=(initializer_list< _CharT > __l)
Append an initializer_list of characters.
Definition basic_string.h:1535
std::basic_string::back
constexpr const_reference back() const noexcept
Definition basic_string.h:1486
std::basic_string::operator=
constexpr basic_string & operator=(const basic_string &__str)
Assign the value of str to this string.
Definition basic_string.h:928
std::basic_string::find_last_of
constexpr size_type find_last_of(const basic_string &__str, size_type __pos=npos) const noexcept
Find last position of a character of string.
Definition basic_string.h:3202
std::basic_string::front
constexpr reference front() noexcept
Definition basic_string.h:1450
std::basic_string::end
constexpr iterator end() noexcept
Definition basic_string.h:1089
std::basic_string::append
constexpr basic_string & append(const _CharT *__s)
Append a C string.
Definition basic_string.h:1604
std::basic_string::begin
constexpr iterator begin() noexcept
Definition basic_string.h:1071
std::basic_string::replace
constexpr basic_string & replace(__const_iterator __i1, __const_iterator __i2, const _CharT *__s, size_type __n)
Replace range of characters with C substring.
Definition basic_string.h:2573
std::basic_string::find
constexpr size_type find(const basic_string &__str, size_type __pos=0) const noexcept
Find position of a string.
Definition basic_string.h:2963
std::basic_string::replace
constexpr basic_string & replace(__const_iterator __i1, __const_iterator __i2, const _CharT *__s)
Replace range of characters with C string.
Definition basic_string.h:2596
std::basic_string::insert
constexpr basic_string & insert(size_type __pos, size_type __n, _CharT __c)
Insert multiple characters.
Definition basic_string.h:2265
std::basic_string::push_back
constexpr void push_back(_CharT __c)
Append a single character.
Definition basic_string.h:1748
std::basic_string::rbegin
constexpr reverse_iterator rbegin() noexcept
Definition basic_string.h:1108
std::basic_string::operator=
constexpr basic_string & operator=(initializer_list< _CharT > __l)
Set value to string constructed from initializer list.
Definition basic_string.h:1037
std::basic_string::resize
constexpr void resize(size_type __n)
Resizes the string to the specified number of characters.
Definition basic_string.h:1239
std::basic_string::find_first_not_of
constexpr size_type find_first_not_of(const basic_string &__str, size_type __pos=0) const noexcept
Find position of a character not in string.
Definition basic_string.h:3290
std::basic_string::assign
constexpr basic_string & assign(const _CharT *__s)
Set value to contents of a C string.
Definition basic_string.h:1868
std::basic_string::insert
constexpr basic_string & insert(size_type __pos1, const basic_string &__str, size_type __pos2, size_type __n=npos)
Insert a substring.
Definition basic_string.h:2196
std::basic_string::assign
constexpr basic_string & assign(size_type __n, _CharT __c)
Set value to multiple characters.
Definition basic_string.h:1886
std::basic_string::insert
constexpr iterator insert(const_iterator __p, size_type __n, _CharT __c)
Insert multiple characters.
Definition basic_string.h:2033
std::basic_string::find_last_of
constexpr size_type find_last_of(const _CharT *__s, size_type __pos, size_type __n) const noexcept
Find last position of a character of C substring.
Definition basic_string.tcc:804
std::basic_string::capacity
constexpr size_type capacity() const noexcept
Definition basic_string.h:1301
std::basic_string::insert
constexpr basic_string & insert(size_type __pos, const _CharT *__s)
Insert a C string.
Definition basic_string.h:2240
std::basic_string::empty
constexpr bool empty() const noexcept
Definition basic_string.h:1355
std::basic_string::replace
constexpr basic_string & replace(size_type __pos1, size_type __n1, const basic_string &__str, size_type __pos2, size_type __n2=npos)
Replace characters with value from another string.
Definition basic_string.h:2456
std::basic_string::compare
constexpr int compare(const _CharT *__s) const noexcept
Compare to a C string.
Definition basic_string.h:3679
std::basic_string< _CharT >::npos
static const size_type npos
Definition basic_string.h:127
std::basic_string::erase
constexpr basic_string & erase(size_type __pos=0, size_type __n=npos)
Remove characters.
Definition basic_string.h:2347
std::basic_string::find_first_of
constexpr size_type find_first_of(_CharT __c, size_type __pos=0) const noexcept
Find position of a character.
Definition basic_string.h:3186
std::basic_string::replace
constexpr basic_string & replace(const_iterator __i1, const_iterator __i2, _InputIterator __k1, _InputIterator __k2)
Replace range of characters with range.
Definition basic_string.h:2646
std::basic_string::erase
constexpr iterator erase(__const_iterator __position)
Remove one character.
Definition basic_string.h:2367
std::basic_string::get_allocator
constexpr allocator_type get_allocator() const noexcept
Return copy of allocator used to construct this string.
Definition basic_string.h:2931
std::basic_string::find
constexpr size_type find(_CharT __c, size_type __pos=0) const noexcept
Find position of a character.
Definition basic_string.tcc:727
std::basic_string::replace
constexpr basic_string & replace(size_type __pos, size_type __n, const basic_string &__str)
Replace characters with value from another string.
Definition basic_string.h:2433
std::basic_string::assign
constexpr basic_string & assign(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last)
Set value to a range of characters.
Definition basic_string.h:1904
std::basic_string::crend
constexpr const_reverse_iterator crend() const noexcept
Definition basic_string.h:1177
std::basic_string::operator+=
constexpr basic_string & operator+=(_CharT __c)
Append a character.
Definition basic_string.h:1521
std::basic_string::basic_string
constexpr basic_string(const _CharT *__s, size_type __n, const _Alloc &__a=_Alloc())
Construct string initialized by a character array.
Definition basic_string.h:708
std::basic_string::front
constexpr const_reference front() const noexcept
Definition basic_string.h:1462
std::basic_string::compare
constexpr int compare(const basic_string &__str) const
Compare to a string.
Definition basic_string.h:3516
std::basic_string::compare
constexpr int compare(size_type __pos, size_type __n1, const _CharT *__s, size_type __n2) const
Compare substring against a character array.
Definition basic_string.h:3753
std::basic_string::find_last_not_of
constexpr size_type find_last_not_of(const _CharT *__s, size_type __pos, size_type __n) const noexcept
Find last position of a character not in C substring.
Definition basic_string.tcc:853
std::basic_string::basic_string
constexpr basic_string(initializer_list< _CharT > __l, const _Alloc &__a=_Alloc())
Construct string from an initializer list.
Definition basic_string.h:822
std::basic_string::data
constexpr _CharT * data() noexcept
Return non-const pointer to contents.
Definition basic_string.h:2922
std::basic_string::append
constexpr basic_string & append(const _CharT *__s, size_type __n)
Append a C substring.
Definition basic_string.h:1590
std::basic_string::max_size
constexpr size_type max_size() const noexcept
Returns the size() of the largest possible string.
Definition basic_string.h:1205
std::basic_string::swap
constexpr void swap(basic_string &__s) noexcept
Swap contents with another string.
Definition cow_string.h:3696
std::basic_string::basic_string
constexpr basic_string(basic_string &&__str) noexcept
Move construct string.
Definition basic_string.h:766
std::basic_string::operator[]
constexpr const_reference operator[](size_type __pos) const noexcept
Subscript access to the data contained in the string.
Definition basic_string.h:1371
std::basic_string::pop_back
constexpr void pop_back() noexcept
Remove the last character.
Definition basic_string.h:2407
std::basic_string::compare
constexpr int compare(size_type __pos, size_type __n1, const _CharT *__s) const
Compare substring to a C string.
Definition basic_string.h:3714
std::basic_string::operator+=
constexpr basic_string & operator+=(const basic_string &__str)
Append a string to this string.
Definition basic_string.h:1501
std::basic_string::insert
constexpr iterator insert(const_iterator __p, initializer_list< _CharT > __l)
Insert an initializer_list of characters.
Definition basic_string.h:2144
std::basic_string::cend
constexpr const_iterator cend() const noexcept
Definition basic_string.h:1157
std::basic_string::operator=
constexpr basic_string & operator=(_CharT __c)
Set value to string of length 1.
Definition basic_string.h:951
std::basic_string::find_last_of
constexpr size_type find_last_of(const _CharT *__s, size_type __pos=npos) const noexcept
Find last position of a character of C string.
Definition basic_string.h:3254
std::char_traits
Basis for explicit traits specializations.
Definition char_traits.h:329
std::iterator_traits
Traits class for iterators.
Definition stl_iterator_base_types.h:180
std::forward_iterator_tag
Forward iterators support a superset of input iterator operations.
Definition stl_iterator_base_types.h:101
std::iterator
Common iterator class.
Definition stl_iterator_base_types.h:130
__gnu_cxx::__alloc_traits
Uniform interface to C++98 and C++11 allocators.
Definition ext/alloc_traits.h:51
__gnu_cxx::__alloc_traits< _Char_alloc_type >::allocate
static constexpr pointer allocate(_Char_alloc_type &__a, size_type __n)
__gnu_cxx::__alloc_traits< _Char_alloc_type >::deallocate
static constexpr void deallocate(_Char_alloc_type &__a, pointer __p, size_type __n)
__gnu_cxx::__alloc_traits< _Char_alloc_type >::max_size
static constexpr size_type max_size(const _Char_alloc_type &__a) noexcept
std::ranges::sized_range
[range.sized] The sized_range concept.
Definition ranges_base.h:553
std::ranges::input_range
A range for which ranges::begin returns an input iterator.
Definition ranges_base.h:599
std::ranges::forward_range
A range for which ranges::begin returns a forward iterator.
Definition ranges_base.h:604