bitset

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// <bitset> -*- C++ -*-
 
// Copyright (C) 2001-2026 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
//
// This file is part of the GNU ISO C++ Library.  This library is free
// software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
// terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
// Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
// any later version.
 
// This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
// GNU General Public License for more details.
 
// Under Section 7 of GPL version 3, you are granted additional
// permissions described in the GCC Runtime Library Exception, version
// 3.1, as published by the Free Software Foundation.
 
// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License and
// a copy of the GCC Runtime Library Exception along with this program;
// see the files COPYING3 and COPYING.RUNTIME respectively.  If not, see
// <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
/*
 * Copyright (c) 1998
 * Silicon Graphics Computer Systems, Inc.
 *
 * Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute and sell this software
 * and its documentation for any purpose is hereby granted without fee,
 * provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and
 * that both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear
 * in supporting documentation.  Silicon Graphics makes no
 * representations about the suitability of this software for any
 * purpose.  It is provided "as is" without express or implied warranty.
 */
 
/** @file include/bitset
 *  This is a Standard C++ Library header.
 */
 
#ifndef _GLIBCXX_BITSET
#define _GLIBCXX_BITSET 1
 
#ifdef _GLIBCXX_SYSHDR
#pragma GCC system_header
#endif
 
#include <bits/stdexcept_throw.h> // For invalid_argument, out_of_range,
                                  // overflow_error
#include <bits/stl_algobase.h>  // For std::fill
 
#if _GLIBCXX_HOSTED
# include <string>
# include <iosfwd>
# include <bits/cxxabi_forced.h>
#endif
 
#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
# include <bits/functional_hash.h>
#endif
 
#define __glibcxx_want_constexpr_bitset
#define __glibcxx_want_bitset  // ...construct from string_view
#define __glibcxx_want_hardened_bitset
#include <bits/version.h>
 
#ifdef __cpp_lib_bitset // ...construct from string_view
# include <string_view>
#endif
 
#define _GLIBCXX_BITSET_BITS_PER_WORD  (__CHAR_BIT__ * __SIZEOF_LONG__)
#define _GLIBCXX_BITSET_WORDS(__n) \
  ((__n) / _GLIBCXX_BITSET_BITS_PER_WORD + \
   ((__n) % _GLIBCXX_BITSET_BITS_PER_WORD == 0 ? 0 : 1))
 
#define _GLIBCXX_BITSET_BITS_PER_ULL (__CHAR_BIT__ * __SIZEOF_LONG_LONG__)
 
namespace std _GLIBCXX_VISIBILITY(default)
{
_GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_CONTAINER
 
  /**
   *  Base class, general case.  It is a class invariant that _Nw will be
   *  nonnegative.
   *
   *  See documentation for bitset.
  */
  template<size_t _Nw>
    struct _Base_bitset
    {
      typedef unsigned long _WordT;
 
      /// 0 is the least significant word.
      _WordT            _M_w[_Nw];
 
      _GLIBCXX_CONSTEXPR _Base_bitset() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
      : _M_w() { }
 
#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
      constexpr _Base_bitset(unsigned long long __val) noexcept
      : _M_w{ _WordT(__val)
#if __SIZEOF_LONG_LONG__ > __SIZEOF_LONG__
               , _WordT(__val >> _GLIBCXX_BITSET_BITS_PER_WORD)
#endif
       } { }
#else
      _Base_bitset(unsigned long __val)
      : _M_w()
      { _M_w[0] = __val; }
#endif
 
      static _GLIBCXX_CONSTEXPR size_t
      _S_whichword(size_t __pos) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
      { return __pos / _GLIBCXX_BITSET_BITS_PER_WORD; }
 
      static _GLIBCXX_CONSTEXPR size_t
      _S_whichbyte(size_t __pos) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
      { return (__pos % _GLIBCXX_BITSET_BITS_PER_WORD) / __CHAR_BIT__; }
 
      static _GLIBCXX_CONSTEXPR size_t
      _S_whichbit(size_t __pos) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
      { return __pos % _GLIBCXX_BITSET_BITS_PER_WORD; }
 
      static _GLIBCXX_CONSTEXPR _WordT
      _S_maskbit(size_t __pos) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
      { return (static_cast<_WordT>(1)) << _S_whichbit(__pos); }
 
      _GLIBCXX14_CONSTEXPR _WordT&
      _M_getword(size_t __pos) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
      { return _M_w[_S_whichword(__pos)]; }
 
      _GLIBCXX_CONSTEXPR _WordT
      _M_getword(size_t __pos) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
      { return _M_w[_S_whichword(__pos)]; }
 
#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
      constexpr const _WordT*
      _M_getdata() const noexcept
      { return _M_w; }
#endif
 
      _GLIBCXX23_CONSTEXPR _WordT&
      _M_hiword() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
      { return _M_w[_Nw - 1]; }
 
      _GLIBCXX_CONSTEXPR _WordT
      _M_hiword() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
      { return _M_w[_Nw - 1]; }
 
      _GLIBCXX23_CONSTEXPR void
      _M_do_and(const _Base_bitset<_Nw>& __x) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
      {
        for (size_t __i = 0; __i < _Nw; __i++)
          _M_w[__i] &= __x._M_w[__i];
      }
 
      _GLIBCXX14_CONSTEXPR void
      _M_do_or(const _Base_bitset<_Nw>& __x) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
      {
        for (size_t __i = 0; __i < _Nw; __i++)
          _M_w[__i] |= __x._M_w[__i];
      }
 
      _GLIBCXX14_CONSTEXPR void
      _M_do_xor(const _Base_bitset<_Nw>& __x) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
      {
        for (size_t __i = 0; __i < _Nw; __i++)
          _M_w[__i] ^= __x._M_w[__i];
      }
 
      _GLIBCXX14_CONSTEXPR void
      _M_do_left_shift(size_t __shift) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT;
 
      _GLIBCXX14_CONSTEXPR void
      _M_do_right_shift(size_t __shift) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT;
 
      _GLIBCXX14_CONSTEXPR void
      _M_do_flip() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
      {
        for (size_t __i = 0; __i < _Nw; __i++)
          _M_w[__i] = ~_M_w[__i];
      }
 
      _GLIBCXX14_CONSTEXPR void
      _M_do_set() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
      {
#if __cplusplus >= 201402L
        if (__builtin_is_constant_evaluated())
          {
            for (_WordT& __w : _M_w)
              __w = ~static_cast<_WordT>(0);;
            return;
          }
#endif
        __builtin_memset(_M_w, 0xFF, _Nw * sizeof(_WordT));
      }
 
      _GLIBCXX14_CONSTEXPR void
      _M_do_reset() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
      {
#if __cplusplus >= 201402L
        if (__builtin_is_constant_evaluated())
          {
            for (_WordT& __w : _M_w)
              __w = 0;
            return;
          }
#endif
        __builtin_memset(_M_w, 0, _Nw * sizeof(_WordT));
      }
 
      _GLIBCXX14_CONSTEXPR bool
      _M_is_equal(const _Base_bitset<_Nw>& __x) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
      {
#if __cplusplus >= 201402L
        if (__builtin_is_constant_evaluated())
          {
            for (size_t __i = 0; __i < _Nw; ++__i)
              if (_M_w[__i] != __x._M_w[__i])
                return false;
            return true;
          }
#endif
        return !__builtin_memcmp(_M_w, __x._M_w, _Nw * sizeof(_WordT));
      }
 
      template<size_t _Nb>
        _GLIBCXX14_CONSTEXPR bool
        _M_are_all() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
        {
          for (size_t __i = 0; __i < _Nw - 1; __i++)
            if (_M_w[__i] != ~static_cast<_WordT>(0))
              return false;
          return _M_hiword() == (~static_cast<_WordT>(0)
                                 >> (_Nw * _GLIBCXX_BITSET_BITS_PER_WORD
                                     - _Nb));
        }
 
      _GLIBCXX14_CONSTEXPR bool
      _M_is_any() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
      {
        for (size_t __i = 0; __i < _Nw; __i++)
          if (_M_w[__i] != static_cast<_WordT>(0))
            return true;
        return false;
      }
 
      _GLIBCXX14_CONSTEXPR size_t
      _M_do_count() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
      {
        size_t __result = 0;
        for (size_t __i = 0; __i < _Nw; __i++)
          __result += __builtin_popcountl(_M_w[__i]);
        return __result;
      }
 
      _GLIBCXX14_CONSTEXPR unsigned long
      _M_do_to_ulong() const;
 
#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
      _GLIBCXX14_CONSTEXPR unsigned long long
      _M_do_to_ullong() const;
#endif
 
      // find first "on" bit
      _GLIBCXX14_CONSTEXPR size_t
      _M_do_find_first(size_t) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT;
 
      // find the next "on" bit that follows "prev"
      _GLIBCXX14_CONSTEXPR size_t
      _M_do_find_next(size_t, size_t) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT;
    };
 
  // Definitions of non-inline functions from _Base_bitset.
  template<size_t _Nw>
    _GLIBCXX14_CONSTEXPR void
    _Base_bitset<_Nw>::_M_do_left_shift(size_t __shift) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
    {
      if (__builtin_expect(__shift != 0, 1))
        {
          const size_t __wshift = __shift / _GLIBCXX_BITSET_BITS_PER_WORD;
          const size_t __offset = __shift % _GLIBCXX_BITSET_BITS_PER_WORD;
 
          if (__offset == 0)
            for (size_t __n = _Nw - 1; __n >= __wshift; --__n)
              _M_w[__n] = _M_w[__n - __wshift];
          else
            {
              const size_t __sub_offset = (_GLIBCXX_BITSET_BITS_PER_WORD
                                           - __offset);
              for (size_t __n = _Nw - 1; __n > __wshift; --__n)
                _M_w[__n] = ((_M_w[__n - __wshift] << __offset)
                             | (_M_w[__n - __wshift - 1] >> __sub_offset));
              _M_w[__wshift] = _M_w[0] << __offset;
            }
 
          std::fill(_M_w + 0, _M_w + __wshift, static_cast<_WordT>(0));
        }
    }
 
  template<size_t _Nw>
    _GLIBCXX14_CONSTEXPR void
    _Base_bitset<_Nw>::_M_do_right_shift(size_t __shift) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
    {
      if (__builtin_expect(__shift != 0, 1))
        {
          const size_t __wshift = __shift / _GLIBCXX_BITSET_BITS_PER_WORD;
          const size_t __offset = __shift % _GLIBCXX_BITSET_BITS_PER_WORD;
          const size_t __limit = _Nw - __wshift - 1;
 
          if (__offset == 0)
            for (size_t __n = 0; __n <= __limit; ++__n)
              _M_w[__n] = _M_w[__n + __wshift];
          else
            {
              const size_t __sub_offset = (_GLIBCXX_BITSET_BITS_PER_WORD
                                           - __offset);
              for (size_t __n = 0; __n < __limit; ++__n)
                _M_w[__n] = ((_M_w[__n + __wshift] >> __offset)
                             | (_M_w[__n + __wshift + 1] << __sub_offset));
              _M_w[__limit] = _M_w[_Nw-1] >> __offset;
            }
 
          std::fill(_M_w + __limit + 1, _M_w + _Nw, static_cast<_WordT>(0));
        }
    }
 
  template<size_t _Nw>
    _GLIBCXX14_CONSTEXPR unsigned long
    _Base_bitset<_Nw>::_M_do_to_ulong() const
    {
      for (size_t __i = 1; __i < _Nw; ++__i)
        if (_M_w[__i])
          __throw_overflow_error(__N("_Base_bitset::_M_do_to_ulong"));
      return _M_w[0];
    }
 
#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
  template<size_t _Nw>
    _GLIBCXX14_CONSTEXPR unsigned long long
    _Base_bitset<_Nw>::_M_do_to_ullong() const
    {
#if __SIZEOF_LONG_LONG__ == __SIZEOF_LONG__
      return _M_do_to_ulong();
#else
      for (size_t __i = 2; __i < _Nw; ++__i)
        if (_M_w[__i])
          __throw_overflow_error(__N("_Base_bitset::_M_do_to_ullong"));
 
      return _M_w[0] + (static_cast<unsigned long long>(_M_w[1])
                          << _GLIBCXX_BITSET_BITS_PER_WORD);
#endif
    }
#endif // C++11
 
  template<size_t _Nw>
    _GLIBCXX14_CONSTEXPR size_t
    _Base_bitset<_Nw>::
    _M_do_find_first(size_t __not_found) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
    {
      for (size_t __i = 0; __i < _Nw; __i++)
        {
          _WordT __thisword = _M_w[__i];
          if (__thisword != static_cast<_WordT>(0))
            return (__i * _GLIBCXX_BITSET_BITS_PER_WORD
                    + __builtin_ctzl(__thisword));
        }
      // not found, so return an indication of failure.
      return __not_found;
    }
 
  template<size_t _Nw>
    _GLIBCXX14_CONSTEXPR size_t
    _Base_bitset<_Nw>::
    _M_do_find_next(size_t __prev, size_t __not_found) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
    {
      // make bound inclusive
      ++__prev;
 
      // check out of bounds
      if (__prev >= _Nw * _GLIBCXX_BITSET_BITS_PER_WORD)
        return __not_found;
 
      // search first word
      size_t __i = _S_whichword(__prev);
      _WordT __thisword = _M_w[__i];
 
      // mask off bits below bound
      __thisword &= (~static_cast<_WordT>(0)) << _S_whichbit(__prev);
 
      if (__thisword != static_cast<_WordT>(0))
        return (__i * _GLIBCXX_BITSET_BITS_PER_WORD
                + __builtin_ctzl(__thisword));
 
      // check subsequent words
      __i++;
      for (; __i < _Nw; __i++)
        {
          __thisword = _M_w[__i];
          if (__thisword != static_cast<_WordT>(0))
            return (__i * _GLIBCXX_BITSET_BITS_PER_WORD
                    + __builtin_ctzl(__thisword));
        }
      // not found, so return an indication of failure.
      return __not_found;
    } // end _M_do_find_next
 
  /**
   *  Base class, specialization for a single word.
   *
   *  See documentation for bitset.
  */
  template<>
    struct _Base_bitset<1>
    {
      typedef unsigned long _WordT;
      _WordT _M_w;
 
      _GLIBCXX_CONSTEXPR _Base_bitset() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
      : _M_w(0)
      { }
 
#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
      constexpr _Base_bitset(unsigned long long __val) noexcept
#else
      _Base_bitset(unsigned long __val)
#endif
      : _M_w(__val)
      { }
 
      static _GLIBCXX_CONSTEXPR size_t
      _S_whichword(size_t __pos) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
      { return __pos / _GLIBCXX_BITSET_BITS_PER_WORD; }
 
      static _GLIBCXX_CONSTEXPR size_t
      _S_whichbyte(size_t __pos) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
      { return (__pos % _GLIBCXX_BITSET_BITS_PER_WORD) / __CHAR_BIT__; }
 
      static _GLIBCXX_CONSTEXPR size_t
      _S_whichbit(size_t __pos) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
      {  return __pos % _GLIBCXX_BITSET_BITS_PER_WORD; }
 
      static _GLIBCXX_CONSTEXPR _WordT
      _S_maskbit(size_t __pos) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
      { return (static_cast<_WordT>(1)) << _S_whichbit(__pos); }
 
      _GLIBCXX14_CONSTEXPR _WordT&
      _M_getword(size_t) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
      { return _M_w; }
 
      _GLIBCXX_CONSTEXPR _WordT
      _M_getword(size_t) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
      { return _M_w; }
 
#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
      constexpr const _WordT*
      _M_getdata() const noexcept
      { return &_M_w; }
#endif
 
      _GLIBCXX14_CONSTEXPR _WordT&
      _M_hiword() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
      { return _M_w; }
 
      _GLIBCXX_CONSTEXPR _WordT
      _M_hiword() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
      { return _M_w; }
 
      _GLIBCXX14_CONSTEXPR void
      _M_do_and(const _Base_bitset<1>& __x) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
      { _M_w &= __x._M_w; }
 
      _GLIBCXX14_CONSTEXPR void
      _M_do_or(const _Base_bitset<1>& __x) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
      { _M_w |= __x._M_w; }
 
      _GLIBCXX14_CONSTEXPR void
      _M_do_xor(const _Base_bitset<1>& __x) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
      { _M_w ^= __x._M_w; }
 
      _GLIBCXX14_CONSTEXPR void
      _M_do_left_shift(size_t __shift) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
      { _M_w <<= __shift; }
 
      _GLIBCXX14_CONSTEXPR void
      _M_do_right_shift(size_t __shift) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
      { _M_w >>= __shift; }
 
      _GLIBCXX14_CONSTEXPR void
      _M_do_flip() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
      { _M_w = ~_M_w; }
 
      _GLIBCXX14_CONSTEXPR void
      _M_do_set() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
      { _M_w = ~static_cast<_WordT>(0); }
 
      _GLIBCXX14_CONSTEXPR void
      _M_do_reset() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
      { _M_w = 0; }
 
      _GLIBCXX14_CONSTEXPR bool
      _M_is_equal(const _Base_bitset<1>& __x) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
      { return _M_w == __x._M_w; }
 
      template<size_t _Nb>
        _GLIBCXX14_CONSTEXPR bool
        _M_are_all() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
        { return _M_w == (~static_cast<_WordT>(0)
                          >> (_GLIBCXX_BITSET_BITS_PER_WORD - _Nb)); }
 
      _GLIBCXX14_CONSTEXPR bool
      _M_is_any() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
      { return _M_w != 0; }
 
      _GLIBCXX14_CONSTEXPR size_t
      _M_do_count() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
      { return __builtin_popcountl(_M_w); }
 
      _GLIBCXX14_CONSTEXPR unsigned long
      _M_do_to_ulong() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
      { return _M_w; }
 
#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
      constexpr unsigned long long
      _M_do_to_ullong() const noexcept
      { return _M_w; }
#endif
 
      _GLIBCXX14_CONSTEXPR size_t
      _M_do_find_first(size_t __not_found) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
      {
        if (_M_w != 0)
          return __builtin_ctzl(_M_w);
        else
          return __not_found;
      }
 
      // find the next "on" bit that follows "prev"
      _GLIBCXX14_CONSTEXPR size_t
      _M_do_find_next(size_t __prev, size_t __not_found) const
        _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
      {
        ++__prev;
        if (__prev >= ((size_t) _GLIBCXX_BITSET_BITS_PER_WORD))
          return __not_found;
 
        _WordT __x = _M_w >> __prev;
        if (__x != 0)
          return __builtin_ctzl(__x) + __prev;
        else
          return __not_found;
      }
    };
 
  /**
   *  Base class, specialization for no storage (zero-length %bitset).
   *
   *  See documentation for bitset.
  */
  template<>
    struct _Base_bitset<0>
    {
      typedef unsigned long _WordT;
 
      _GLIBCXX_CONSTEXPR _Base_bitset() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
      { }
 
#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
      constexpr _Base_bitset(unsigned long long) noexcept
#else
      _Base_bitset(unsigned long)
#endif
      { }
 
      static _GLIBCXX_CONSTEXPR size_t
      _S_whichword(size_t __pos) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
      { return __pos / _GLIBCXX_BITSET_BITS_PER_WORD; }
 
      static _GLIBCXX_CONSTEXPR size_t
      _S_whichbyte(size_t __pos) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
      { return (__pos % _GLIBCXX_BITSET_BITS_PER_WORD) / __CHAR_BIT__; }
 
      static _GLIBCXX_CONSTEXPR size_t
      _S_whichbit(size_t __pos) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
      {  return __pos % _GLIBCXX_BITSET_BITS_PER_WORD; }
 
      static _GLIBCXX_CONSTEXPR _WordT
      _S_maskbit(size_t __pos) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
      { return (static_cast<_WordT>(1)) << _S_whichbit(__pos); }
 
      // This would normally give access to the data.  The bounds-checking
      // in the bitset class will prevent the user from getting this far,
      // but this must fail if the user calls _Unchecked_set directly.
      // Let's not penalize zero-length users unless they actually
      // make an unchecked call; all the memory ugliness is therefore
      // localized to this single should-never-get-this-far function.
      __attribute__((__noreturn__))
      _WordT&
      _M_getword(size_t) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
      { __throw_out_of_range(__N("_Base_bitset::_M_getword")); }
 
      _GLIBCXX_CONSTEXPR _WordT
      _M_getword(size_t) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
      { return 0; }
 
      _GLIBCXX_CONSTEXPR _WordT
      _M_hiword() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
      { return 0; }
 
      _GLIBCXX14_CONSTEXPR void
      _M_do_and(const _Base_bitset<0>&) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
      { }
 
      _GLIBCXX14_CONSTEXPR void
      _M_do_or(const _Base_bitset<0>&) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
      { }
 
      _GLIBCXX14_CONSTEXPR void
      _M_do_xor(const _Base_bitset<0>&) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
      { }
 
      _GLIBCXX14_CONSTEXPR void
      _M_do_left_shift(size_t) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
      { }
 
      _GLIBCXX14_CONSTEXPR void
      _M_do_right_shift(size_t) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
      { }
 
      _GLIBCXX14_CONSTEXPR void
      _M_do_flip() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
      { }
 
      _GLIBCXX14_CONSTEXPR void
      _M_do_set() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
      { }
 
      _GLIBCXX14_CONSTEXPR void
      _M_do_reset() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
      { }
 
      // Are all empty bitsets equal to each other?  Are they equal to
      // themselves?  How to compare a thing which has no state?  What is
      // the sound of one zero-length bitset clapping?
      _GLIBCXX_CONSTEXPR bool
      _M_is_equal(const _Base_bitset<0>&) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
      { return true; }
 
      template<size_t _Nb>
        _GLIBCXX_CONSTEXPR bool
        _M_are_all() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
        { return true; }
 
      _GLIBCXX_CONSTEXPR bool
      _M_is_any() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
      { return false; }
 
      _GLIBCXX_CONSTEXPR size_t
      _M_do_count() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
      { return 0; }
 
      _GLIBCXX_CONSTEXPR unsigned long
      _M_do_to_ulong() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
      { return 0; }
 
#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
      constexpr unsigned long long
      _M_do_to_ullong() const noexcept
      { return 0; }
#endif
 
      // Normally "not found" is the size, but that could also be
      // misinterpreted as an index in this corner case.  Oh well.
      _GLIBCXX_CONSTEXPR size_t
      _M_do_find_first(size_t) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
      { return 0; }
 
      _GLIBCXX_CONSTEXPR size_t
      _M_do_find_next(size_t, size_t) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
      { return 0; }
    };
 
 
  // Helper class to zero out the unused high-order bits in the highest word.
  template<size_t _Extrabits>
    struct _Sanitize
    {
      typedef unsigned long _WordT;
 
      static _GLIBCXX14_CONSTEXPR void
      _S_do_sanitize(_WordT& __val) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
      { __val &= ~((~static_cast<_WordT>(0)) << _Extrabits); }
    };
 
  template<>
    struct _Sanitize<0>
    {
      typedef unsigned long _WordT;
 
      static _GLIBCXX14_CONSTEXPR void
      _S_do_sanitize(_WordT) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT { }
    };
 
#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
  template<size_t _Nb, bool = (_Nb < _GLIBCXX_BITSET_BITS_PER_ULL)>
    struct _Sanitize_val
    {
      static constexpr unsigned long long
      _S_do_sanitize_val(unsigned long long __val)
      { return __val; }
    };
 
  template<size_t _Nb>
    struct _Sanitize_val<_Nb, true>
    {
      static constexpr unsigned long long
      _S_do_sanitize_val(unsigned long long __val)
      { return __val & ~((~static_cast<unsigned long long>(0)) << _Nb); }
    };
 
  namespace __bitset
  {
#ifdef __cpp_lib_bitset // ...construct from string_view
    template<typename _CharT>
      using __string = std::basic_string_view<_CharT>;
#elif _GLIBCXX_HOSTED
    template<typename _CharT>
      using __string = std::basic_string<_CharT>;
#else
    template<typename _CharT>
      struct __string
      {
        using size_type = size_t;
        static constexpr size_type npos = size_type(-1);
 
        struct traits_type
        {
          static _GLIBCXX14_CONSTEXPR size_t
          length(const _CharT* __s) noexcept
          {
            size_t __n = 0;
            while (__s[__n])
              __n++;
            return __n;
          }
 
          static constexpr bool
          eq(_CharT __l, _CharT __r) noexcept
          { return __l == __r; }
        };
      };
#endif // HOSTED
  } // namespace __bitset
#endif // C++11
 
  /**
   *  @brief The %bitset class represents a @e fixed-size sequence of bits.
   *  @ingroup utilities
   *
   *  (Note that %bitset does @e not meet the formal requirements of a
   *  <a href="tables.html#65">container</a>.  Mainly, it lacks iterators.)
   *
   *  The template argument, `Nb`, may be any non-negative number,
   *  specifying the number of bits (e.g., "0", "12", "1024*1024").
   *
   *  In the general unoptimized case, storage is allocated in word-sized
   *  blocks.  Let B be the number of bits in a word, then (Nb+(B-1))/B
   *  words will be used for storage.  B - Nb%B bits are unused.  (They are
   *  the high-order bits in the highest word.)  It is a class invariant
   *  that those unused bits are always zero.
   *
   *  If you think of %bitset as <em>a simple array of bits</em>, be
   *  aware that your mental picture is reversed: a %bitset behaves
   *  the same way as bits in integers do, with the bit at index 0 in
   *  the <em>least significant / right-hand</em> position, and the bit at
   *  index Nb-1 in the <em>most significant / left-hand</em> position.
   *  Thus, unlike other containers, a %bitset's index <em>counts from
   *  right to left</em>, to put it very loosely.
   *
   *  This behavior is preserved when translating to and from strings.  For
   *  example, the first line of the following program probably prints
   *  <em>b(&apos;a&apos;) is 0001100001</em> on a modern ASCII system.
   *
   *  @code
   *     #include <bitset>
   *     #include <iostream>
   *     #include <sstream>
   *
   *     using namespace std;
   *
   *     int main()
   *     {
   *         long         a = 'a';
   *         bitset<10>   b(a);
   *
   *         cout << "b('a') is " << b << endl;
   *
   *         ostringstream s;
   *         s << b;
   *         string  str = s.str();
   *         cout << "index 3 in the string is " << str[3] << " but\n"
   *              << "index 3 in the bitset is " << b[3] << endl;
   *     }
   *  @endcode
   *
   *  Also see:
   *  https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/libstdc++/manual/ext_containers.html
   *  for a description of extensions.
   *
   *  Most of the actual code isn't contained in %bitset<> itself, but in the
   *  base class _Base_bitset.  The base class works with whole words, not with
   *  individual bits.  This allows us to specialize _Base_bitset for the
   *  important special case where the %bitset is only a single word.
   *
   *  Extra confusion can result due to the fact that the storage for
   *  _Base_bitset @e is a regular array, and is indexed as such.  This is
   *  carefully encapsulated.
  */
  template<size_t _Nb>
    class bitset
    : private _Base_bitset<_GLIBCXX_BITSET_WORDS(_Nb)>
    {
    private:
      typedef _Base_bitset<_GLIBCXX_BITSET_WORDS(_Nb)> _Base;
      typedef unsigned long _WordT;
 
      template<class _Str>
      _GLIBCXX23_CONSTEXPR void
      _M_check_initial_position(
        const _Str& __s, typename _Str::size_type __position) const
      {
        if (__position > __s.size())
          __throw_out_of_range_fmt(
            __N("bitset::bitset:"
                " __position (which is %zu) > __s.size() (which is %zu)"),
            size_t(__position), size_t(__s.size()));
      }
 
      _GLIBCXX23_CONSTEXPR
      void _M_check(size_t __position, const char *__s) const
      {
        if (__position >= _Nb)
          __throw_out_of_range_fmt(
            __N("%s: __position (which is %zu) >= _Nb (which is %zu)"),
            __s, size_t(__position), size_t(_Nb));
      }
 
      _GLIBCXX23_CONSTEXPR
      void
      _M_do_sanitize() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
      {
        typedef _Sanitize<_Nb % _GLIBCXX_BITSET_BITS_PER_WORD> __sanitize_type;
        __sanitize_type::_S_do_sanitize(this->_M_hiword());
      }
 
#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
      friend struct std::hash<bitset>;
#endif
 
    public:
      /**
       *  This encapsulates the concept of a single bit.  An instance of this
       *  class is a proxy for an actual bit; this way the individual bit
       *  operations are done as faster word-size bitwise instructions.
       *
       *  Most users will never need to use this class directly; conversions
       *  to and from bool are automatic and should be transparent.  Overloaded
       *  operators help to preserve the illusion.
       *
       *  (On a typical system, this <em>bit %reference</em> is 64
       *  times the size of an actual bit.  Ha.)
       */
      class reference
      {
        friend class bitset;
 
        _WordT* _M_wp;
        size_t  _M_bpos;
 
        _GLIBCXX23_CONSTEXPR
        reference(bitset& __b, size_t __pos) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
        {
          _M_wp = &__b._M_getword(__pos);
          _M_bpos = _Base::_S_whichbit(__pos);
        }
 
      public:
#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
        reference(const reference&) = default;
#endif
 
#if __cplusplus > 202002L && __cpp_constexpr_dynamic_alloc
        constexpr
#endif
        ~reference() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
        { }
 
        // For b[i] = __x;
        _GLIBCXX23_CONSTEXPR
        reference&
        operator=(bool __x) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
        {
          if (__x)
            *_M_wp |= _Base::_S_maskbit(_M_bpos);
          else
            *_M_wp &= ~_Base::_S_maskbit(_M_bpos);
          return *this;
        }
 
#if __glibcxx_ranges_zip // >= C++23
        // _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
        // 4187. bitset::reference should be const-assignable
        constexpr const reference&
        operator=(bool __x) const noexcept
        {
          if (__x)
            *_M_wp |= _Base::_S_maskbit(_M_bpos);
          else
            *_M_wp &= ~_Base::_S_maskbit(_M_bpos);
          return *this;
        }
#endif // C++23
 
        // For b[i] = b[__j];
        _GLIBCXX23_CONSTEXPR
        reference&
        operator=(const reference& __j) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
        {
          if ((*(__j._M_wp) & _Base::_S_maskbit(__j._M_bpos)))
            *_M_wp |= _Base::_S_maskbit(_M_bpos);
          else
            *_M_wp &= ~_Base::_S_maskbit(_M_bpos);
          return *this;
        }
 
        // Flips the bit
        _GLIBCXX23_CONSTEXPR
        bool
        operator~() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
        { return (*(_M_wp) & _Base::_S_maskbit(_M_bpos)) == 0; }
 
        // For __x = b[i];
        _GLIBCXX23_CONSTEXPR
        operator bool() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
        { return (*(_M_wp) & _Base::_S_maskbit(_M_bpos)) != 0; }
 
        // For b[i].flip();
        _GLIBCXX23_CONSTEXPR
        reference&
        flip() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
        {
          *_M_wp ^= _Base::_S_maskbit(_M_bpos);
          return *this;
        }
 
#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
        _GLIBCXX23_CONSTEXPR
        friend void
        swap(reference __x, reference __y) noexcept
        {
          bool __tmp = __x;
          __x = __y;
          __y = __tmp;
        }
 
        _GLIBCXX23_CONSTEXPR
        friend void
        swap(reference __x, bool& __y) noexcept
        {
          bool __tmp = __x;
          __x = __y;
          __y = __tmp;
        }
 
        _GLIBCXX23_CONSTEXPR
        friend void
        swap(bool& __x, reference __y) noexcept
        {
          bool __tmp = __x;
          __x = __y;
          __y = __tmp;
        }
#endif
      };
      friend class reference;
 
      // 23.3.5.1 constructors:
      /// All bits set to zero.
      _GLIBCXX_CONSTEXPR bitset() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
      { }
 
      /// Initial bits bitwise-copied from a single word (others set to zero).
#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
      constexpr bitset(unsigned long long __val) noexcept
      : _Base(_Sanitize_val<_Nb>::_S_do_sanitize_val(__val)) { }
#else
      bitset(unsigned long __val)
      : _Base(__val)
      { _M_do_sanitize(); }
#endif
 
#if _GLIBCXX_HOSTED
      /**
       *  Use a subset of a string.
       *  @param  __s  A string of `0` and `1` characters.
       *  @param  __position  Index of the first character in `__s` to use;
       *                    defaults to zero.
       *  @throw  std::out_of_range  If `__position > __s.size()`.
       *  @throw  std::invalid_argument  If a character appears in the string
       *                                 which is neither `0` nor `1`.
       */
      template<class _CharT, class _Traits, class _Alloc>
        _GLIBCXX23_CONSTEXPR
        explicit
        bitset(const std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __s,
               size_t __position = 0)
        : _Base()
        {
          _M_check_initial_position(__s, __position);
          _M_copy_from_string(__s, __position,
                              std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::npos,
                              _CharT('0'), _CharT('1'));
        }
 
      /**
       *  Use a subset of a string.
       *  @param  __s  A string of `0` and `1` characters.
       *  @param  __position  Index of the first character in `__s` to use.
       *  @param  __n    The number of characters to copy.
       *  @throw  std::out_of_range  If `__position > __s.size()`.
       *  @throw  std::invalid_argument  If a character appears in the string
       *                                 which is neither `0` nor `1`.
       */
      template<class _CharT, class _Traits, class _Alloc>
        _GLIBCXX23_CONSTEXPR
        bitset(const std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __s,
               size_t __position, size_t __n)
        : _Base()
        {
          _M_check_initial_position(__s, __position);
          _M_copy_from_string(__s, __position, __n, _CharT('0'), _CharT('1'));
        }
 
      // _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
      // 396. what are characters zero and one.
      template<class _CharT, class _Traits, class _Alloc>
        _GLIBCXX23_CONSTEXPR
        bitset(const std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __s,
               size_t __position, size_t __n,
               _CharT __zero, _CharT __one = _CharT('1'))
        : _Base()
        {
          _M_check_initial_position(__s, __position);
          _M_copy_from_string(__s, __position, __n, __zero, __one);
        }
#endif // HOSTED
 
#ifdef __cpp_lib_bitset // C++ >= 23
      /**
       *  Use a subset of a string view.
       *  @param  __s  A `string_view` of a sequence of `0` and `1` characters.
       *  @param  __position  Index of the first character in `__s` to use.
       *  @param  __n    The maximum number of characters from `__s` to use.
       *  @param  __zero The character corresponding to the value 0.
       *  @param  __one  The character corresponding to the value 1.
       *  @throw  std::out_of_range  If `__position > __s.size()`.
       *  @throw  std::invalid_argument  If a character appears in `__s`
       *                                 which is neither `0` nor `1`.
       */
      template<class _CharT, class _Traits>
        constexpr explicit
        bitset(basic_string_view<_CharT, _Traits> __s,
          basic_string_view<_CharT, _Traits>::size_type __position = 0,
          basic_string_view<_CharT, _Traits>::size_type __n =
            basic_string_view<_CharT, _Traits>::npos,
          _CharT __zero = _CharT('0'), _CharT __one = _CharT('1'))
        : _Base()
        {
          _M_check_initial_position(__s, __position);
          _M_copy_from_ptr<_CharT, _Traits>(
            __s.data(), __s.size(), __position, __n, __zero, __one);
        }
#endif
 
#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
      // _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
      // 4294. bitset(const CharT*) constructor needs to be constrained
      /**
       *  Construct from a character %array.
       *  @param  __str  An %array of characters `__zero` and `__one`.
       *  @param  __n    The number of characters to use.
       *  @param  __zero The character corresponding to the value 0.
       *  @param  __one  The character corresponding to the value 1.
       *  @throw  std::invalid_argument If a character appears in the string
       *                                which is neither `__zero` nor `__one`.
       */
      template<typename _CharT,
               typename = _Require<is_trivially_copyable<_CharT>,
                                   is_standard_layout<_CharT>,
                                   is_trivially_default_constructible<_CharT>,
                                   __not_<is_array<_CharT>>>>
        [[__gnu__::__nonnull__]]
        _GLIBCXX23_CONSTEXPR
        explicit
        bitset(const _CharT* __str,
               typename __bitset::__string<_CharT>::size_type __n
                 = __bitset::__string<_CharT>::npos,
               _CharT __zero = _CharT('0'), _CharT __one = _CharT('1'))
        : _Base()
        {
          if (!__str)
            __throw_logic_error(__N("bitset::bitset(const _CharT*, ...)"));
          using _Traits = typename __bitset::__string<_CharT>::traits_type;
 
          if (__n == __bitset::__string<_CharT>::npos)
            __n = _Traits::length(__str);
          _M_copy_from_ptr<_CharT, _Traits>(__str, __n, 0, __n, __zero, __one);
        }
#endif // C++11
 
      // 23.3.5.2 bitset operations:
      ///@{
      /**
       *  Operations on bitsets.
       *  @param  __rhs  A same-sized bitset.
       *
       *  These should be self-explanatory.
       */
      _GLIBCXX23_CONSTEXPR
      bitset<_Nb>&
      operator&=(const bitset<_Nb>& __rhs) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
      {
        this->_M_do_and(__rhs);
        return *this;
      }
 
      _GLIBCXX23_CONSTEXPR
      bitset<_Nb>&
      operator|=(const bitset<_Nb>& __rhs) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
      {
        this->_M_do_or(__rhs);
        return *this;
      }
 
      _GLIBCXX23_CONSTEXPR
      bitset<_Nb>&
      operator^=(const bitset<_Nb>& __rhs) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
      {
        this->_M_do_xor(__rhs);
        return *this;
      }
      ///@}
 
      ///@{
      /**
       *  Operations on bitsets.
       *  @param  __position  The number of places to shift.
       *
       *  These should be self-explanatory.
       */
      _GLIBCXX23_CONSTEXPR
      bitset<_Nb>&
      operator<<=(size_t __position) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
      {
        if (__builtin_expect(__position < _Nb, 1))
          {
            this->_M_do_left_shift(__position);
            this->_M_do_sanitize();
          }
        else
          this->_M_do_reset();
        return *this;
      }
 
      _GLIBCXX23_CONSTEXPR
      bitset<_Nb>&
      operator>>=(size_t __position) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
      {
        if (__builtin_expect(__position < _Nb, 1))
          this->_M_do_right_shift(__position);
        else
          this->_M_do_reset();
        return *this;
      }
      ///@}
 
      ///@{
      /**
       *  These versions of single-bit set, reset, flip, and test are
       *  extensions from the SGI version.  They do no range checking.
       *  @ingroup SGIextensions
       */
      _GLIBCXX23_CONSTEXPR
      bitset<_Nb>&
      _Unchecked_set(size_t __pos) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
      {
        this->_M_getword(__pos) |= _Base::_S_maskbit(__pos);
        return *this;
      }
 
      _GLIBCXX23_CONSTEXPR
      bitset<_Nb>&
      _Unchecked_set(size_t __pos, int __val) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
      {
        if (__val)
          this->_M_getword(__pos) |= _Base::_S_maskbit(__pos);
        else
          this->_M_getword(__pos) &= ~_Base::_S_maskbit(__pos);
        return *this;
      }
 
      _GLIBCXX23_CONSTEXPR
      bitset<_Nb>&
      _Unchecked_reset(size_t __pos) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
      {
        this->_M_getword(__pos) &= ~_Base::_S_maskbit(__pos);
        return *this;
      }
 
      _GLIBCXX23_CONSTEXPR
      bitset<_Nb>&
      _Unchecked_flip(size_t __pos) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
      {
        this->_M_getword(__pos) ^= _Base::_S_maskbit(__pos);
        return *this;
      }
 
      _GLIBCXX_CONSTEXPR bool
      _Unchecked_test(size_t __pos) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
      { return ((this->_M_getword(__pos) & _Base::_S_maskbit(__pos))
                != static_cast<_WordT>(0)); }
      ///@}
 
      // Set, reset, and flip.
      /**
       *  @brief Sets every bit to true.
       */
      _GLIBCXX23_CONSTEXPR
      bitset<_Nb>&
      set() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
      {
        this->_M_do_set();
        this->_M_do_sanitize();
        return *this;
      }
 
      /**
       *  @brief Sets a given bit to a particular value.
       *  @param  __position  The index of the bit.
       *  @param  __val  Either true or false, defaults to true.
       *  @throw  std::out_of_range  If @a pos is bigger the size of the %set.
       */
      _GLIBCXX23_CONSTEXPR
      bitset<_Nb>&
      set(size_t __position, bool __val = true)
      {
        this->_M_check(__position, __N("bitset::set"));
        return _Unchecked_set(__position, __val);
      }
 
      /**
       *  @brief Sets every bit to false.
       */
      _GLIBCXX23_CONSTEXPR
      bitset<_Nb>&
      reset() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
      {
        this->_M_do_reset();
        return *this;
      }
 
      /**
       *  @brief Sets a given bit to false.
       *  @param  __position  The index of the bit.
       *  @throw  std::out_of_range  If @a pos is bigger the size of the %set.
       *
       *  Same as writing @c set(pos,false).
       */
      _GLIBCXX23_CONSTEXPR
      bitset<_Nb>&
      reset(size_t __position)
      {
        this->_M_check(__position, __N("bitset::reset"));
        return _Unchecked_reset(__position);
      }
 
      /**
       *  @brief Toggles every bit to its opposite value.
       */
      _GLIBCXX23_CONSTEXPR
      bitset<_Nb>&
      flip() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
      {
        this->_M_do_flip();
        this->_M_do_sanitize();
        return *this;
      }
 
      /**
       *  @brief Toggles a given bit to its opposite value.
       *  @param  __position  The index of the bit.
       *  @throw  std::out_of_range  If @a pos is bigger the size of the %set.
       */
      _GLIBCXX23_CONSTEXPR
      bitset<_Nb>&
      flip(size_t __position)
      {
        this->_M_check(__position, __N("bitset::flip"));
        return _Unchecked_flip(__position);
      }
 
      /// See the no-argument flip().
      _GLIBCXX23_CONSTEXPR
      bitset<_Nb>
      operator~() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
      { return bitset<_Nb>(*this).flip(); }
 
      ///@{
      /**
       *  @brief  Array-indexing support.
       *  @param  __position  Index into the %bitset.
       *  @return A bool for a <em>const %bitset</em>.  For non-const
       *           bitsets, an instance of the reference proxy class.
       *  @note  These operators do no range checking and throw no exceptions,
       *         as required by DR 11 to the standard.
       *
       *  _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS Note that this implementation already
       *  resolves DR 11 (items 1 and 2), but does not do the range-checking
       *  required by that DR's resolution.  -pme
       *  The DR has since been changed:  range-checking is a precondition
       *  (users' responsibility), and these functions must not throw.  -pme
       */
      _GLIBCXX23_CONSTEXPR
      reference
      operator[](size_t __position)
      {
        __glibcxx_assert(__position < _Nb);
        return reference(*this, __position);
      }
 
      _GLIBCXX_CONSTEXPR bool
      operator[](size_t __position) const
      {
#if __cplusplus != 201103L
        __glibcxx_assert(__position < _Nb);
        return _Unchecked_test(__position);
#elif defined(_GLIBCXX_ASSERTIONS)
        // C++11 forbids a compound stmt in a constexpr function.
        return __position < _Nb ? _Unchecked_test(__position)
          : (__builtin_trap(), false);
#else
        return _Unchecked_test(__position);
#endif
      }
      ///@}
 
      /**
       *  @brief Returns a numerical interpretation of the %bitset.
       *  @return  The integral equivalent of the bits.
       *  @throw  std::overflow_error  If there are too many bits to be
       *                               represented in an @c unsigned @c long.
       */
      _GLIBCXX23_CONSTEXPR
      unsigned long
      to_ulong() const
      { return this->_M_do_to_ulong(); }
 
#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
      _GLIBCXX23_CONSTEXPR
      unsigned long long
      to_ullong() const
      { return this->_M_do_to_ullong(); }
#endif
 
#if _GLIBCXX_HOSTED
      /**
       *  @brief Returns a character interpretation of the %bitset.
       *  @return  The string equivalent of the bits.
       *
       *  Note the ordering of the bits:  decreasing character positions
       *  correspond to increasing bit positions (see the main class notes for
       *  an example).
       */
      template<class _CharT, class _Traits, class _Alloc>
        _GLIBCXX23_CONSTEXPR
        std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>
        to_string() const
        {
          std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc> __result;
          _M_copy_to_string(__result, _CharT('0'), _CharT('1'));
          return __result;
        }
 
      // _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
      // 396. what are characters zero and one.
      template<class _CharT, class _Traits, class _Alloc>
        _GLIBCXX23_CONSTEXPR
        std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>
        to_string(_CharT __zero, _CharT __one = _CharT('1')) const
        {
          std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc> __result;
          _M_copy_to_string(__result, __zero, __one);
          return __result;
        }
 
      // _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
      // 434. bitset::to_string() hard to use.
      template<class _CharT, class _Traits>
        _GLIBCXX23_CONSTEXPR
        std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, std::allocator<_CharT> >
        to_string() const
        { return to_string<_CharT, _Traits, std::allocator<_CharT> >(); }
 
      // _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
      // 853. to_string needs updating with zero and one.
      template<class _CharT, class _Traits>
        _GLIBCXX23_CONSTEXPR
        std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, std::allocator<_CharT> >
        to_string(_CharT __zero, _CharT __one = _CharT('1')) const
        { return to_string<_CharT, _Traits,
                           std::allocator<_CharT> >(__zero, __one); }
 
      template<class _CharT>
        _GLIBCXX23_CONSTEXPR
        std::basic_string<_CharT, std::char_traits<_CharT>,
                          std::allocator<_CharT> >
        to_string() const
        {
          return to_string<_CharT, std::char_traits<_CharT>,
                           std::allocator<_CharT> >();
        }
 
      template<class _CharT>
        _GLIBCXX23_CONSTEXPR
        std::basic_string<_CharT, std::char_traits<_CharT>,
                          std::allocator<_CharT> >
        to_string(_CharT __zero, _CharT __one = _CharT('1')) const
        {
          return to_string<_CharT, std::char_traits<_CharT>,
                           std::allocator<_CharT> >(__zero, __one);
        }
 
      _GLIBCXX23_CONSTEXPR
      std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >
      to_string() const
      {
        return to_string<char, std::char_traits<char>,
                         std::allocator<char> >();
      }
 
      _GLIBCXX23_CONSTEXPR
      std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >
      to_string(char __zero, char __one = '1') const
      {
        return to_string<char, std::char_traits<char>,
                         std::allocator<char> >(__zero, __one);
      }
#endif // HOSTED
 
      /// Returns the number of bits which are set.
      _GLIBCXX23_CONSTEXPR
      size_t
      count() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
      { return this->_M_do_count(); }
 
      /// Returns the total number of bits.
      _GLIBCXX_CONSTEXPR size_t
      size() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
      { return _Nb; }
 
      ///@{
      /// These comparisons for equality/inequality are, well, @e bitwise.
      _GLIBCXX23_CONSTEXPR
      bool
      operator==(const bitset<_Nb>& __rhs) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
      { return this->_M_is_equal(__rhs); }
 
#if __cpp_impl_three_way_comparison < 201907L
      _GLIBCXX23_CONSTEXPR
      bool
      operator!=(const bitset<_Nb>& __rhs) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
      { return !this->_M_is_equal(__rhs); }
#endif
      ///@}
 
      /**
       *  @brief Tests the value of a bit.
       *  @param  __position  The index of a bit.
       *  @return  The value at @a pos.
       *  @throw  std::out_of_range  If @a pos is bigger the size of the %set.
       */
      _GLIBCXX23_CONSTEXPR
      bool
      test(size_t __position) const
      {
        this->_M_check(__position, __N("bitset::test"));
        return _Unchecked_test(__position);
      }
 
      // _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
      // DR 693. std::bitset::all() missing.
      /**
       *  @brief Tests whether all the bits are on.
       *  @return  True if all the bits are set.
       */
      _GLIBCXX23_CONSTEXPR
      bool
      all() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
      { return this->template _M_are_all<_Nb>(); }
 
      /**
       *  @brief Tests whether any of the bits are on.
       *  @return  True if at least one bit is set.
       */
      _GLIBCXX23_CONSTEXPR
      bool
      any() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
      { return this->_M_is_any(); }
 
      /**
       *  @brief Tests whether any of the bits are on.
       *  @return  True if none of the bits are set.
       */
      _GLIBCXX23_CONSTEXPR
      bool
      none() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
      { return !this->_M_is_any(); }
 
      ///@{
      /// Self-explanatory.
      _GLIBCXX23_CONSTEXPR
      bitset<_Nb>
      operator<<(size_t __position) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
      { return bitset<_Nb>(*this) <<= __position; }
 
      _GLIBCXX23_CONSTEXPR
      bitset<_Nb>
      operator>>(size_t __position) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
      { return bitset<_Nb>(*this) >>= __position; }
      ///@}
 
      /**
       *  @brief  Finds the index of the first "on" bit.
       *  @return  The index of the first bit set, or size() if not found.
       *  @ingroup SGIextensions
       *  @sa  _Find_next
       */
      _GLIBCXX23_CONSTEXPR
      size_t
      _Find_first() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
      { return this->_M_do_find_first(_Nb); }
 
      /**
       *  @brief  Finds the index of the next "on" bit after prev.
       *  @return  The index of the next bit set, or size() if not found.
       *  @param  __prev  Where to start searching.
       *  @ingroup SGIextensions
       *  @sa  _Find_first
       */
      _GLIBCXX23_CONSTEXPR
      size_t
      _Find_next(size_t __prev) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
      { return this->_M_do_find_next(__prev, _Nb); }
 
    private:
      // Helper functions for string operations.
      template<class _CharT, class _Traits>
        _GLIBCXX23_CONSTEXPR
        void
        _M_copy_from_ptr(const _CharT*, size_t, size_t, size_t,
                         _CharT, _CharT);
 
#if _GLIBCXX_HOSTED
      template<class _CharT, class _Traits, class _Alloc>
        _GLIBCXX23_CONSTEXPR
        void
        _M_copy_from_string(const std::basic_string<_CharT,
                            _Traits, _Alloc>& __s, size_t __pos, size_t __n,
                            _CharT __zero, _CharT __one)
        { _M_copy_from_ptr<_CharT, _Traits>(__s.data(), __s.size(), __pos, __n,
                                            __zero, __one); }
 
      template<class _CharT, class _Traits, class _Alloc>
        _GLIBCXX23_CONSTEXPR
        void
        _M_copy_to_string(std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>&,
                          _CharT, _CharT) const;
 
      template<class _CharT, class _Traits, size_t _Nb2>
        friend std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
        operator>>(std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&, bitset<_Nb2>&);
 
      template <class _CharT, class _Traits, size_t _Nb2>
        friend std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
        operator<<(std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&, const bitset<_Nb2>&);
#endif
    };
 
  // Definitions of non-inline member functions.
  template<size_t _Nb>
    template<class _CharT, class _Traits>
      _GLIBCXX23_CONSTEXPR
      void
      bitset<_Nb>::
      _M_copy_from_ptr(const _CharT* __s, size_t __len,
                       size_t __pos, size_t __n, _CharT __zero, _CharT __one)
      {
        reset();
        const size_t __rlen = std::min(__n, size_t(__len - __pos));
        const size_t __nbits = std::min(_Nb, __rlen);
        for (size_t __i = __rlen - __nbits; __i > 0; --__i)
          {
            const _CharT __c = __s[__pos + __rlen - __i];
            if (!_Traits::eq(__c, __zero) && !_Traits::eq(__c, __one))
              __throw_invalid_argument(__N("bitset::_M_copy_from_ptr"));
          }
        for (size_t __i = __nbits; __i > 0; --__i)
          {
            const _CharT __c = __s[__pos + __nbits - __i];
            if (_Traits::eq(__c, __zero))
              ;
            else if (_Traits::eq(__c, __one))
              _Unchecked_set(__i - 1);
            else
              __throw_invalid_argument(__N("bitset::_M_copy_from_ptr"));
          }
      }
 
#if _GLIBCXX_HOSTED
  template<size_t _Nb>
    template<class _CharT, class _Traits, class _Alloc>
      _GLIBCXX23_CONSTEXPR
      void
      bitset<_Nb>::
      _M_copy_to_string(std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __s,
                        _CharT __zero, _CharT __one) const
      {
        __s.assign(_Nb, __zero);
        size_t __n = this->_Find_first();
        while (__n < _Nb)
          {
            __s[_Nb - __n - 1] = __one;
            __n = _Find_next(__n);
          }
      }
#endif // HOSTED
 
  // 23.3.5.3 bitset operations:
  ///@{
  /**
   *  @brief  Global bitwise operations on bitsets.
   *  @param  __x  A bitset.
   *  @param  __y  A bitset of the same size as @a __x.
   *  @return  A new bitset.
   *
   *  These should be self-explanatory.
  */
  template<size_t _Nb>
    _GLIBCXX23_CONSTEXPR
    inline bitset<_Nb>
    operator&(const bitset<_Nb>& __x, const bitset<_Nb>& __y) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
    {
      bitset<_Nb> __result(__x);
      __result &= __y;
      return __result;
    }
 
  template<size_t _Nb>
    _GLIBCXX23_CONSTEXPR
    inline bitset<_Nb>
    operator|(const bitset<_Nb>& __x, const bitset<_Nb>& __y) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
    {
      bitset<_Nb> __result(__x);
      __result |= __y;
      return __result;
    }
 
  template <size_t _Nb>
    _GLIBCXX23_CONSTEXPR
    inline bitset<_Nb>
    operator^(const bitset<_Nb>& __x, const bitset<_Nb>& __y) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
    {
      bitset<_Nb> __result(__x);
      __result ^= __y;
      return __result;
    }
  ///@}
 
#if _GLIBCXX_HOSTED
  ///@{
  /**
   *  @brief Global I/O operators for bitsets.
   *
   *  Direct I/O between streams and bitsets is supported.  Output is
   *  straightforward.  Input will skip whitespace, only accept @a 0 and @a 1
   *  characters, and will only extract as many digits as the %bitset will
   *  hold.
  */
  template<class _CharT, class _Traits, size_t _Nb>
    std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
    operator>>(std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is, bitset<_Nb>& __x)
    {
      typedef typename _Traits::char_type          char_type;
      typedef std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>  __istream_type;
      typedef typename __istream_type::ios_base    __ios_base;
 
#pragma GCC diagnostic push
#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wc++17-extensions" // if constexpr
      struct _Buffer
      {
        static _GLIBCXX_CONSTEXPR bool _S_use_alloca() { return _Nb <= 256; }
 
        explicit _Buffer(_CharT* __p) : _M_ptr(__p) { }
 
        ~_Buffer()
        {
          if _GLIBCXX_CONSTEXPR (!_S_use_alloca())
            delete[] _M_ptr;
        }
 
        _CharT* const _M_ptr;
      };
      _CharT* __ptr;
      if _GLIBCXX_CONSTEXPR (_Buffer::_S_use_alloca())
        __ptr = (_CharT*)__builtin_alloca(_Nb);
      else
        __ptr = new _CharT[_Nb];
      const _Buffer __buf(__ptr);
#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
 
      // _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
      // 303. Bitset input operator underspecified
      const char_type __zero = __is.widen('0');
      const char_type __one = __is.widen('1');
 
      typename __ios_base::iostate __state = __ios_base::goodbit;
      typename __istream_type::sentry __sentry(__is);
      if (__sentry)
        {
          __try
            {
              for (size_t __i = _Nb; __i > 0; --__i)
                {
                  static typename _Traits::int_type __eof = _Traits::eof();
 
                  typename _Traits::int_type __c1 = __is.rdbuf()->sbumpc();
                  if (_Traits::eq_int_type(__c1, __eof))
                    {
                      __state |= __ios_base::eofbit;
                      break;
                    }
                  else
                    {
                      const char_type __c2 = _Traits::to_char_type(__c1);
                      if (_Traits::eq(__c2, __zero))
                        *__ptr++ = __zero;
                      else if (_Traits::eq(__c2, __one))
                        *__ptr++ = __one;
                      else if (_Traits::
                               eq_int_type(__is.rdbuf()->sputbackc(__c2),
                                           __eof))
                        {
                          __state |= __ios_base::failbit;
                          break;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
          __catch(__cxxabiv1::__forced_unwind&)
            {
              __is._M_setstate(__ios_base::badbit);
              __throw_exception_again;
            }
          __catch(...)
            { __is._M_setstate(__ios_base::badbit); }
        }
 
#pragma GCC diagnostic push
#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wc++17-extensions" // if constexpr
      if _GLIBCXX_CONSTEXPR (_Nb)
      {
        if (size_t __len = __ptr - __buf._M_ptr)
          __x.template _M_copy_from_ptr<_CharT, _Traits>(__buf._M_ptr, __len,
                                                         0, __len,
                                                         __zero, __one);
        else
          __state |= __ios_base::failbit;
      }
#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
      if (__state)
        __is.setstate(__state);
      return __is;
    }
 
  template <class _CharT, class _Traits, size_t _Nb>
    std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
    operator<<(std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
               const bitset<_Nb>& __x)
    {
      std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits> __tmp;
 
      // _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
      // 396. what are characters zero and one.
      const ctype<_CharT>& __ct = use_facet<ctype<_CharT> >(__os.getloc());
      __x._M_copy_to_string(__tmp, __ct.widen('0'), __ct.widen('1'));
      return __os << __tmp;
    }
  ///@}
#endif // HOSTED
 
_GLIBCXX_END_NAMESPACE_CONTAINER
} // namespace std
 
#undef _GLIBCXX_BITSET_WORDS
#undef _GLIBCXX_BITSET_BITS_PER_WORD
#undef _GLIBCXX_BITSET_BITS_PER_ULL
 
#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
 
namespace std _GLIBCXX_VISIBILITY(default)
{
_GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
 
  // DR 1182.
  /// std::hash specialization for bitset.
  template<size_t _Nb>
    struct hash<_GLIBCXX_STD_C::bitset<_Nb>>
    : public __hash_base<size_t, _GLIBCXX_STD_C::bitset<_Nb>>
    {
      size_t
      operator()(const _GLIBCXX_STD_C::bitset<_Nb>& __b) const noexcept
      {
        const size_t __clength = (_Nb + __CHAR_BIT__ - 1) / __CHAR_BIT__;
        return std::_Hash_impl::hash(__b._M_getdata(), __clength);
      }
    };
 
  template<>
    struct hash<_GLIBCXX_STD_C::bitset<0>>
    : public __hash_base<size_t, _GLIBCXX_STD_C::bitset<0>>
    {
      size_t
      operator()(const _GLIBCXX_STD_C::bitset<0>&) const noexcept
      { return 0; }
    };
 
_GLIBCXX_END_NAMESPACE_VERSION
} // namespace
 
#endif // C++11
 
#if defined _GLIBCXX_DEBUG && _GLIBCXX_HOSTED
# include <debug/bitset>
#endif
 
#endif /* _GLIBCXX_BITSET */